Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania, made up mainly of two islands: Unguja (often called Zanzibar Island) and Pemba, along with several smaller islets. It’s located in the Indian Ocean, just off the coast of East Africa. The islands have a long history as a trading hub, especially for spices, ivory, and slaves, which gave Zanzibar the nickname “Spice Islands.”

Culturally, Zanzibar reflects a mix of African, Arab, Persian, and Indian influences, visible in its architecture, cuisine, and traditions. Stone Town, the historic centre of Zanzibar City, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its narrow streets, carved wooden doors, and vibrant markets.

Today, Zanzibar is famous for its pristine beaches, coral reefs, and spice plantations, making it a popular tourist destination while also maintaining its role in fishing and agriculture. I don’t like visiting touristy places which don’t have much more to offer than the beach, but after travelling for nearly 3 months in mainland Tanzania, I decided to give Zanzibar a chance.

The history of Zanzibar

Zanzibar’s history stretches back thousands of years, shaped by its strategic position in the Indian Ocean. Long before modern states existed, sailors and merchants from Arabia, Persia, India, and the African mainland used the islands as a stopover for trade. Over time, Zanzibar became a melting pot where cultures blended through commerce, migration, and settlement.

By the Middle Ages, Arab traders had established settlements, and Islam became deeply rooted in local society. Persian influences also appeared, particularly through the Shirazi people, who are said to have migrated and integrated with the Swahili-speaking communities. Zanzibar’s language, Swahili, grew out of this fusion of African Bantu roots and Arabic influences.

In the 17th century, Zanzibar came under the control of Oman. This period marked the height of the islands’ role in the global spice and slave trade. Clove plantations were introduced, worked largely by enslaved labourers, and Zanzibar became one of the main hubs for the trafficking of people from East Africa to the Middle East and beyond.

By the 19th century, Zanzibar was powerful enough to be the seat of the Omani Sultanate. In fact, the sultan moved his court from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840, solidifying its importance. This made Stone Town flourish as a cosmopolitan centre of wealth and diplomacy, though it also meant the slave trade expanded drastically.

European colonial powers soon turned their eyes to Zanzibar. The British, in particular, exerted increasing influence, pressuring the sultanate to abolish slavery and eventually establishing the islands as a protectorate in the late 19th century. Zanzibar briefly became infamous in 1896 when it was the site of the world’s shortest war, lasting less than an hour, after the British bombarded the palace to enforce their authority.

After decades under colonial control, Zanzibar gained independence in 1963, only to undergo a revolution the following year. The uprising overthrew the sultanate, leading to major social upheaval. Soon after, Zanzibar merged with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964, though it retained a semi-autonomous government with its own president and legislature.

How to get there?

By Air

International flights: Zanzibar’s Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (ZNZ) receives direct flights from some major cities in Europe, the Middle East (like Doha, Dubai, Muscat), and East Africa. Many travelers also connect through Nairobi (Kenya), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), or Doha (Qatar).

From mainland Tanzania: Frequent domestic flights connect Zanzibar with Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Kilimanjaro. The flight from Dar es Salaam is only about 20–30 minutes.

By Ferry

From Dar es Salaam: High-speed ferries run daily between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar City (Stone Town). The trip usually takes around 2–2.5 hours. Ferries are operated by companies like Azam Marine. Cars can also be transported on cargo ferries, though most visitors leave vehicles on the mainland.

The best time to visit

Peak Season (June – October)

Clear skies, low humidity, and warm temperatures make this the ideal time for beach holidays and outdoor activities. It also lines up well with safari season in mainland Tanzania, so many travelers combine the two.

Prices for hotels and tours are higher, and popular spots can feel busier.

Shoulder Season (November and March)

Fewer crowds, lower rates, and still plenty of sunshine, though you might get the occasional shower. November is especially good for diving since visibility is strong.

Short rains can happen, but they’re usually quick and not disruptive.

Rainy Seasons (April–May and November)

Lush landscapes and fewer tourists. Accommodation prices are at their lowest.

Heavy rainfall in April and May can make beach time and travel tricky. Some hotels close for maintenance during this period.

Stone Town and the Islands

Old Dispensary

A striking four-story building on the waterfront, decorated with carved balconies and stained glass. It was originally intended as a charitable medical facility and it still acts as a hospital. The staff is very nice and they let you have a look inside and check out old photographies.

Old Customs House

Once the hub of Zanzibar’s bustling trade, especially during the clove and spice boom. Its central location near the harbour makes it a key landmark in Stone Town’s commercial past.

House of Wonders

Built by Sultan Barghash in 1883, it was the first building on the island with electricity and an elevator. As of March 2025, it was undergoing restoration, but it remains one of the most iconic landmarks of Zanzibar.

Old Fort

Constructed in the 17th century by the Omanis to defend against the Portuguese, it now serves as a cultural centre, with an amphitheatre, craft shops, and festival events.

Princess Salme Museum

Dedicated to Princess Salme, who fled Zanzibar in the 19th century to marry a German merchant. The museum focuses on her writings and the clash of cultures in her life story.

Freddie Mercury Museum

Located in his childhood home, this small but popular museum celebrates the early life of Queen’s legendary frontman. The ticket is way too expensive, taking in the considering the value that you can find inside (mostly pictures).

Museum of Natural History

Once a school, it became a museum highlighting the island’s wildlife and natural environment.

Peace Memorial Museum

Built during the British Protectorate in a striking domed style, it was once the main national museum of Zanzibar, with exhibits on history, archaeology, and ethnography.

Forster Gallery

A smaller cultural venue showcasing art and local heritage, often featuring exhibitions related to Zanzibar’s diverse communities.

Saint Joseph’s Cathedral

A late 19th-century Catholic church with twin spires, built by French missionaries. It remains one of the tallest and most photographed landmarks in Stone Town.

Christ Church Cathedral

It was built on the site of Zanzibar’s former slave market. The church itself is a major symbol of abolition, and the adjacent East Africa Slave Trade Exhibition gives a powerful account of this dark chapter.

East Africa Slave Trade Exhibition

Located within the old slave chambers, it documents the history of slavery in Zanzibar and the wider region. At first, you are joined by the guide and at the end of the tour, you get the time to read and explore information boards independently. Very interesting!

Hamamni Persian Baths

It was built in the late 19th century by Sultan Barghash for public bathing. Though no longer functioning, the vaulted rooms and underground passages are still impressive. In March 2025, it was closed for renovation, but workers let me in to have a look for a small fee.

Jaw’s Corner

A lively square in the heart of Stone Town where locals gather for coffee, discussions, and news.

Darajani Bazaar

Stone Town’s main market, bustling with stalls selling spices, seafood, meat, and fresh produce. It’s both a shopping destination and a cultural experience.

The Forodhani of Zanzibar

A waterfront park that transforms in the evenings into a famous open-air food market, known for seafood grills, Zanzibari pizzas, and sugarcane juice. It’s nice to walk around, but I don’t recommend eating there as it is a typical tourist trap with low-quality food but high prices.

Shangani Public Beach

A small but central beach near the Old Fort and House of Wonders, often busy with locals and children swimming at sunset.

Old Portuguese Arch

A remnant of the island’s Portuguese era, serving as a small but symbolic piece of Stone Town’s layered history.

High Court

A colonial-era structure still in use as part of Zanzibar’s judiciary.

Maruhubi Historical Sites

These ruins belonged to Sultan Barghash and were originally built as a palace and harem. Although damaged by fire, the gardens, aqueducts, and stone remnants still suggest its former splendour. There should be a guardian on site who can open it for you. Needless to say, you need to negotiate the entrance ticket price to avoid being ripped off. You don’t need more than 15 minutes to see everything.

Mtoni Palace Ruins

The remains of a grand 19th-century palace built for Sultan Said. Princess Salme, one of Zanzibar’s most famous historical figures, lived here in her youth. The site is mostly ruins now, and you can be shown around by a local guide hanging out there.

Kibweni Palace Museum

Located just outside Stone Town, this palace was once tied to the Omani sultans. Today, it functions as a small museum that gives insight into royal life and Zanzibar’s Omani heritage.

Kidichi Spice Farm

Zanzibar is famous as the “Spice Island,” and Kidichi is one of the best places to experience that legacy. Located inland, it is a traditional spice plantation where visitors can see, smell, and taste spices like cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and vanilla. Guided tours usually involve walking through the plantation while learning about the cultivation and uses of each plant.

Changu Island

Often nicknamed Prison Island, Changu lies just a short boat ride from Stone Town. Despite the name, it was never really used as a prison for locals. It was intended as a detention site for rebellious slaves and later became a quarantine station for yellow fever. Today, its main draw is the population of giant Aldabra tortoises, some over a century old. Other than that, there is nothing much to see or do.

Bawe Island

This small coral island sits west of Stone Town and is less crowded than other destinations. Bawe is popular with snorkelers and divers. There is a high-end resort in case you want to stay overnight in a luxurious place.

Nakupenda Sandbank

“Nakupenda” means I love you in Swahili, and this sandbank certainly lives up to the name. It’s a stretch of white sand that appears at low tide just off the coast of Stone Town. There are no permanent structures, just a strip of sand surrounded by turquoise water. Day trips usually combine snorkelling, sunbathing, and fresh seafood picnics prepared by guides.

Chumbe Island

Chumbe is a protected marine reserve and eco-lodge, about 12 kilometres from Stone Town. The island is best known for its coral reef sanctuary, which is considered one of the most pristine in the region. However, the high costs of visiting, even for a day trip, make it rather unworthy.

Chapwani Island

This private island is smaller and more low-key. Chapwani has mangroves, small beaches, and shallow reefs. It is also historically significant as it houses a small cemetery for British naval officers from the 19th century. The island is home to a boutique lodge, so you will have to stay there to explore the surroundings.

The North

Nungwi Beach

Nungwi Beach is one of Zanzibar’s most famous stretches of coastline. The sand is bright white and very fine, and the turquoise waters are calm, especially at low tide. Unlike many beaches on the east coast of Zanzibar, Nungwi is less affected by tidal changes, so you can swim almost any time of day. It’s also a lively area with beach bars, restaurants, and plenty of opportunities for activities like snorkelling, diving, or sunset cruises in traditional dhow boats.

Zanzibar Aquarium

This small but unique aquarium isn’t the typical glass-tank kind. Instead, it’s a natural lagoon that serves as a conservation project for injured or endangered sea turtles. Visitors can learn about local marine life and even help release rehabilitated turtles back into the ocean at certain times of the year. I had mixed feelings while feeding the turtles, which seemed to be a tourist attraction. I hope they are really released back into the ocean, but the reality may not be that positive.

Royal Beach

Royal Beach is a quieter spot near Nungwi, often associated with the upscale resorts in the area. It has a more relaxed atmosphere compared to the main beach and is great if you’re looking for less crowded sunbathing and a more polished, resort-style vibe. The waters here are also ideal for swimming, and the sunsets are spectacular.

Kendwa Beach

Located just a short drive or walk south of Nungwi. It is considered one of the most beautiful beaches in Zanzibar. It has the same white sands and clear water, but with an even more laid-back feel. Kendwa is especially famous for its full moon parties, which bring together travellers and locals for music and dancing under the stars. Outside of those nights, it’s calm and perfect for swimming, paddleboarding, or simply lounging.

Dolphin Boat Trip

From Nungwi, you can join boat trips that take you offshore to spot dolphins, particularly near Mnemba Atoll or other parts of the northern coast. These trips often include snorkelling in coral-rich waters, where you can see colourful fish and maybe even sea turtles. While it’s thrilling to see dolphins in the wild, it’s good to choose operators that follow responsible practices and avoid chasing or stressing the animals. That is the difficult part. Tourists jump into the water while the boat driver sees the dolphins passing by.

Fukuchani Ruins & Cave

The ruins are remnants of a 16th-century Swahili settlement. Walking among the stone structures, you can see traces of old houses and walls, which give you a glimpse of how people lived centuries ago on Zanzibar’s northern coast.

The cave nearby is a natural limestone formation with a pool of clear water inside. Local communities have traditionally used it as a freshwater source, and today it remains a quiet spot for exploration. Unfortunately, the experience is ruined by the scammers who sell the way overpriced ‘tickets’ and try to rip off the tourists. Don’t let them fool you and either negotiate the price or just skip this place.

Muyuni Beach

Muyuni is a quiet, untouched stretch of beach facing Mnemba Island. It has some of the softest white sand and shallow, clear waters, making it excellent for swimming and snorkelling. Because it’s less developed than Nungwi or Kendwa, you won’t find as many crowds. Local fishermen still use the area, so you get a glimpse of everyday coastal life.

Mnemba Island

Just offshore, Mnemba is a small private island known for its marine reserve. While staying on the island itself is limited to luxury guests, day trips from nearby beaches let you enjoy the waters around it. Snorkelling and diving here are great, with colourful fish, and sometimes dolphins or turtles. The island is often used as a picture-perfect backdrop for boat excursions.

Matemwe

Matemwe village and beach are located opposite Mnemba. The village has a strong fishing culture, and you’ll often see locals mending nets or heading out to sea.

Kiwengwa Beach

Kiwengwa is sometimes called the “Little Italy” of Zanzibar because of its popularity with Italian visitors and resorts. The beach itself is long and wide, great for long walks, water sports, or just lounging. The tidal changes here are dramatic: at low tide, you can walk far out into the reef, while at high tide, the water comes right up to the beach.

Kiwengwa Caves

These caves are part of Zanzibar’s limestone landscape and have a history of being used by local communities for shelter and rituals. Today, they’re managed as a small heritage and eco-site. Inside, you’ll find impressive stalactites and stalagmites, as well as a sense of mystery. Visiting requires going through the community-managed entrance and getting a guide.

Pongwe Beach

The bay is naturally protected by a reef, creating a lagoon-like setting with gentle waters. Unlike busier beaches, Pongwe has fewer resorts, so it keeps a quiet, intimate feel. Hammocks strung between palm trees and views of the turquoise sea make it one of Zanzibar’s best spots for pure relaxation.

Mangapwani Slave Chamber

This is a historical cave chamber linked to Zanzibar’s slave trade past. It was used in the 19th century to hold enslaved people before they were secretly shipped out after the trade was officially abolished. The guide there can explain the history, and you walk down into the cool, dim stone chamber. The surrounding area also has scenic coastal views.

Second World War Bunker

Nearby, you can also find a remnant from the Second World War, a bunker built during the conflict. Though simple in appearance, it’s an unusual sight in Zanzibar and a reminder of the island’s strategic importance in the Indian Ocean during that time. Unfortunately, it was inaccessible during my visit there in March 2025.

The South

Michamvi Sunset Beach

This spot on the southeastern peninsula is famous for its golden sunsets over Chwaka Bay. Unlike most of Zanzibar’s east coast, which faces sunrise, Michamvi gives you the rare chance to watch the sun sink directly into the ocean. The beach itself is calm and not too crowded, but as of March 2025, there was a lot of construction going on.

Pingwe Beach

Pingwe is best known as the home of “The Rock” restaurant, perched dramatically on a coral outcrop just offshore. The beach around it is quiet and picturesque, with shallow turquoise water at low tide and deeper blues at high tide. It’s a great stop for photos and for enjoying a long meal with a view.

Mwani Zanzibar

This is a seaweed farm and women’s cooperative near Paje. Visitors can learn how seaweed is harvested, dried, and turned into products like soaps, lotions, and natural cosmetics. It’s both an educational experience and a way to support local women-led businesses. Walking among the seaweed plots during low tide gives a unique glimpse of coastal livelihoods.

Paje Beach

Paje is one of Zanzibar’s liveliest beaches and a hub for kitesurfing. The steady winds and shallow lagoon make it a world-class spot for the sport. Beyond that, it’s a social place with beach bars, hostels, and guesthouses, drawing backpackers and younger travellers.

Kuza Cave

A hidden natural limestone cave near Jambiani with a pool of crystal-clear water inside. The cave is considered sacred by some local communities, and the cool water makes it a refreshing place to swim.

Maalum Cave

The cave itself is a limestone sinkhole filled with clear, turquoise water that has filtered naturally through the surrounding rock. It’s sheltered and shaded, so the water stays cool even on hot days. The cave is deep enough for swimming, not just wading, and the light filtering through the opening makes the water glow beautifully.

There is a restaurant and other infrastructure on site, and they also provide you with a towel, water shoes, swimming mask and snorkel. However, all of that comes ata price of 20 USD per person.

Jambiani Beach

This beach south of Paje has a quieter, more traditional feel. The fishing village atmosphere is strong here: you’ll see locals pushing their canoes or women collecting seaweed. The beach is long and beautiful, with fewer crowds.

Jambiani Sandbank

Just offshore, there’s a sandbank that appears at low tide. Boats can take you there, and it becomes a dreamy little island of white sand surrounded by turquoise sea.

Makunduchi Beach & Lighthouse

Further south, Makunduchi is a wide, tranquil beach with almost no development compared to the more touristy areas. The lighthouse stands at the tip of the southern coast and provides panoramic views but as of March 2025, there was no one site to let us climb to the top.

Mtende Beach

Mtende is one of Zanzibar’s most dramatic coastal landscapes. Huge cliffs frame a small beach, with Mtende Rock rising like a giant sculpture in the water. At low tide you can walk around and explore tidal pools, while at high tide, the beach disappears almost completely.

Kizimkazi Mkunguni

This fishing village on the southwest coast is famous for dolphin tours, though it also has historical significance. There’s an ancient mosque here, one of the oldest in East Africa, dating back many centuries.

Jozani Forest National Park

Located in central Zanzibar, this is the island’s only national park and home to the rare red colobus monkey, found only here. Walking trails lead you through mangrove boardwalks, mahogany trees, and forest. For me, it was the most overpriced and disappointing experience in Zanzibar. Yes, we saw red colobus, but it had nothing to do with a hike in the forest, as we were very close to the tarmac road and there were lots of farmlands.

Historic House of Bi Khole

This restored 19th-century house belonged to Princess Sayyida Bi Khole, a daughter of Sultan Said. Today, it’s a museum showcasing Zanzibari history, architecture, and Arab influences of that era. The house retains many original features and gives insight into how elite families lived at the time. As always, try to negotiate the price as the first ‘offer’ is way too optimistic.

Safari Blue

One of Zanzibar’s most popular day excursions, based around sailing on a traditional dhow boat along the Menai Bay Conservation Area on the south-west coast. The trip usually combines several highlights: snorkelling over coral reefs, spotting dolphins, swimming in a natural lagoon,and relaxing on a sandbank that appears with the tide. The day also includes a seafood barbecue served under the shade of mangroves or palm trees on Kwale Island. I went with the Original Safari Blue Company, and everything was excellent.

Kwale Island

Kwale is one of the central islands visited on Safari Blue. It’s larger and more lively than Niamembe, with shady baobab trees and sheltered spots for setting up lunch. Many tours use Kwale as the main base, where seafood feasts are prepared and served. The beach is wide and sandy, and at low tide, you can explore tidal pools. The island’s giant ancient baobab tree is a favourite stop for photos and climbing.

Niamembe Island

Niamembe is a small, private-feeling island near the Safari Blue route. It has the kind of unspoiled, soft white sand and calm water that look straight out of a postcard. Few people visit, so it feels like a deserted island when you land. Because of its isolation, the snorkelling around its reefs is excellent, with colourful fish and corals thriving in the clear shallows. Getting there is more expensive as it usually requires a customised dhow trip.

Dar es Salaam is the largest city and main commercial hub of Tanzania, located along the eastern coast of the country on the Indian Ocean. It started as a small fishing village before developing into an important port and trading centre during the 19th century. Later, under German and British colonial rule, it expanded further and eventually became the capital of Tanzania until the government shifted the administrative capital to Dodoma (though Dar es Salaam remains the country’s economic centre).

The name “Dar es Salaam” comes from Arabic, roughly meaning “Haven of Peace” or “Abode of Peace.” It was given in the mid-19th century by Sultan Majid bin Said of Zanzibar, who founded the settlement around 1865. The name reflects the city’s coastal role as both a safe harbour and a welcoming trade hub.

The history of Dar es Salaam

Early Beginnings

Before it became a city, the site of present-day Dar es Salaam was home to small fishing communities along the coast. The sheltered harbour made it a convenient spot for local trade with inland groups and for regional exchanges across the Indian Ocean.

Founded in the 19th Century

In the 1860s, Sultan Majid bin Said of Zanzibar established a settlement there. He gave it the name Dar es Salaam, meaning “Abode of Peace” in Arabic. He aimed to create a new trading town on the mainland that could complement Zanzibar’s commercial dominance. However, after he died in 1870, development slowed and the settlement declined in importance for a time.

German Colonial Era

In the late 19th century, the Germans arrived and made the town an administrative centre for their colony, German East Africa. They developed infrastructure, including roads, government buildings, and the port, and expanded trade routes to connect the interior with the coast. Dar es Salaam grew into a hub for exporting raw materials such as sisal, coffee, and cotton.

British Administration

After Germany’s defeat in World War I, the League of Nations mandated the territory to Britain. Under British rule, Dar es Salaam remained the administrative and commercial centre of Tanganyika. Railways, schools, and hospitals were expanded, and the population continued to rise, attracting African, Arab, Indian, and European communities.

Path to Independence

In the mid-20th century, the city became a focal point for nationalist movements pushing for independence. When Tanganyika gained independence in 1961, Dar es Salaam was the capital. It also became the capital of the newly united Tanzania in 1964, after Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged.

Post-Independence Growth

Even after the Tanzanian government decided in 1973 to relocate the capital to Dodoma (a plan still unfolding decades later), Dar es Salaam retained its dominance as the largest city and economic powerhouse. It has remained the country’s busiest port and a centre of finance, industry, and education.

Modern Era

Today, Dar es Salaam is one of the fastest-growing cities in Africa. It serves as a gateway for trade not only for Tanzania but also for landlocked countries in East and Central Africa, such as Zambia, Malawi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The city is a melting pot of cultures, with influences from African, Arab, Indian, and European heritage reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and lifestyle.

How to get there?

By Air

Julius Nyerere International Airport (DAR) is the main gateway. It handles most international and domestic flights.

Direct international connections exist from cities in Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. You may need a layover in hubs such as Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Doha, Istanbul, or Dubai.

By Sea

Dar es Salaam has a large port that serves both cargo and passenger ferries. There are regular ferries from Zanzibar and other coastal towns. Some cruise ships also stop here.

By Land

Long-distance buses connect Dar es Salaam with major Tanzanian cities such as Dodoma, Arusha, Mwanza, and Mbeya. They also run to neighbouring countries like Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia.

You can drive to Dar es Salaam via Tanzania’s road network, but road conditions vary, so planning and a reliable vehicle are essential.

The Tanzania–Zambia Railway (TAZARA) links Dar es Salaam with Zambia, passing through southern Tanzania. Another line connects the city with central and northern Tanzania.

The best time to visit

Dry Season (June to October)

This is the most popular period for visitors. The weather is warm but less humid, and there’s very little rain. Ideal for beach activities, sightseeing, and trips to nearby islands or game reserves. It also overlaps with the peak safari season in Tanzania, so many travellers combine city visits with wildlife tours.

Hot Season (November to February)

Temperatures rise, and it can feel quite humid, but the city is lively. Good time for cultural experiences and festivals, though beaches may be less comfortable during the hottest days.

Rainy Season (March to May)

This period sees heavy rains, which can cause flooding and make travel less convenient. On the plus side, accommodation prices are usually lower, and the landscape is very green.

Where to stay?

During my several days’ stay in the city, I spent my nights in two budget-friendly accommodations:

Gallivanters Hostel is a budget accommodation in Masaki, but they also offer private rooms with shared bathroom, which are of good price and quality ratio.

Zimbo Golden Hotel is located in the city centre, near Kariakoo Market. The area is quite messy and chaotic, but it remains as authentic as possible, and I felt safe. The room was spacious, but the AC worked poorly. The breakfast included in the price was simple but acceptable.

What to see in the city?

Fish Market

A great way to kick off the morning in Dar es Salaam is with a stop at the bustling Fish Market. At dawn, fishermen unload their fresh catch, turning the place into a lively scene of bargaining, shouting, and excitement. The energy is contagious as boats dock and baskets overflow with seafood. Once you’ve taken in the spectacle, cross over to the other side of Kivukoni Road, where you can sample some of the day’s catch – crispy, freshly fried, and full of flavor.

Azania-Front-Cathedral

It is a historic Lutheran church built during the German colonial period in the late 19th century, when the city was the administrative capital of German East Africa. Its design follows a neo-Gothic style, with a tall steeple, stained-glass windows, and pointed arches that reflect European church architecture of that era.

National Museum and House of Culture

The largest museum in Tanzania and an important place to learn about the country’s history, art, and cultural heritage. It was first established in the mid-20th century and has since grown into a center that showcases everything from prehistoric discoveries to modern traditions.

Inside, you’ll find exhibits on human evolution, including fossils linked to the famous finds from Olduvai Gorge, as well as displays on Tanzania’s diverse ethnic groups, colonial history, and the struggle for independence. The museum also features collections of traditional crafts, musical instruments, and contemporary art that highlight the richness of Tanzanian culture.

Botanic Gardens

A quiet green escape in the middle of busy town. They were first established during the German colonial era and were used as a testing ground for tropical plants. Though not very large, they make for a pleasant stroll.

Ocean Road Cancer Institute

Built in the early 20th century during German rule, the building originally served as a hospital. Over time, it was transformed into Tanzania’s main cancer treatment and research center. The historic architecture of the institute, set against the Indian Ocean, makes it a striking landmark.

Karimjee Hall

Another notable colonial-era landmarks. Built in the early 20th century with funding from the wealthy Karimjee family, it originally served as the City Hall during the British administration. Its grand architecture, complete with large columns and a distinctive clock tower, reflects the style of civic buildings from that period.

Over the years, Karimjee Hall played a central role in Tanzania’s political history. It even hosted sessions of the country’s parliament before the move to Dodoma. Today, the hall is used for official events, public functions, and sometimes cultural activities.

Asaki Monument

At the crossroad of Samora Ave and Nnamdi Azikiwe Ave stands the Askari Monument. It was unveiled in the 1920s to honor African soldiers who fought in World War I as part of the British colonial forces. The bronze statue shows a soldier holding a rifle, facing toward the harbor, symbolizing both defense and sacrifice.

Azam Roundabout

Not far away is the lively Azam Roundabout, a bustling junction that captures the energy of Dar es Salaam’s downtown. It’s named after the Azam group, one of Tanzania’s largest companies, and the roundabout is surrounded by shops, offices, and heavy traffic. For visitors, it’s less about sightseeing and more about experiencing the pulse of the modern city.

Little India

Around Kisutu Street, you’ll find a neighborhood with strong Indian influences. The streets are lined with spice shops, vegetarian restaurants, textile stores, and jewelry shops. It’s a part of Dar es Salaam where the Indian diaspora’s presence is most visible.

BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir is one of the main centers for the Hindu community. Built in traditional style, it features carved details and shrines dedicated to Hindu deities. It’s a peaceful place of worship and an example of how immigrant communities, especially those of Indian origin, have shaped the cultural fabric of the city.

Another significant Hindu temple nearby is the Shree Shankar Ashram Mandir. Its architecture and colorful interior reflect Indian traditions, and it’s often a hub for cultural events, festivals, and ceremonies.

Old Boma

Built in the 1860s by Sultan Majid of Zanzibar, the Old Boma is one of the city’s oldest surviving buildings. It was originally part of the Sultan’s complex and later used by German colonial administrators. With its coral stone walls and carved wooden doors, it reflects a blend of Swahili and Arab architectural styles. Today, it houses cultural offices and exhibitions.

St. Joseph’s Cathedral

This striking Catholic cathedral was constructed by German missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its Gothic design, complete with tall spires and stained-glass windows, makes it stand out near the waterfront.

Atiman House

Named after Dr. Atiman, a former slave who later became a respected physician, this colonial-era building carries both architectural and human history. It is one of the city’s preserved heritage structures, representing the personal story of resilience.

Kariakoo Market

Lively, crowded, and full of energy, Kariakoo Market is one of the biggest trading centers in Tanzania. It has been a hub for commerce since the early 20th century, when the Germans used the area as a settlement for freed slaves and later developed it into a market. Today, you can find everything here, fresh produce, clothes, household goods, and street food. It’s the kind of place where you feel the true rhythm of everyday life in Dar es Salaam.

Makumbusho Village Museum

An open-air museum that brings Tanzania’s diverse cultures to life. Instead of displaying objects behind glass, it recreates traditional homes from different ethnic groups across the country. Each hut is built using authentic methods and materials, showing how people live in rural areas.

Visitors can walk from one homestead to another, gaining a sense of the variety in architecture, tools, and daily life. Beyond the structures, the museum often hosts live demonstrations such as traditional dances, drumming, and craft-making.

I highly recommend taking a guide from the entrance as there are no descriptions what you are looking at.

Coco Beach

Located along the Msasani Peninsula, it is a popular spot for both locals and visitors. It’s especially lively on weekends when families, food vendors, and musicians gather by the shoreline. While swimming isn’t always ideal due to currents, it’s a great place for people-watching, enjoying street snacks, and catching the sea breeze.

The Slipway

A favorite hangout for expats and travelers, The Slipway is a waterfront complex with restaurants, shops, and a small craft market. It’s also a departure point for boat trips to nearby islands. The setting is relaxed, with beautiful views of the ocean, especially at sunset.

Tinga Tinga Arts Cooperative Society

This cooperative showcases the famous Tinga Tinga painting style, which originated in Tanzania. The art is known for its bright colors and playful depictions of animals and everyday life. At the cooperative, you can watch artists at work, purchase unique pieces directly, and even learn about the history of the movement.

Mwenge Woodcarvers Market

For souvenirs, Mwenge is the place to go. Here, dozens of artisans sell hand-carved wooden masks, sculptures, and household items, often working on their craft right in front of you.

What to see out of town?

Pugu Hills

Southwest of Dar es Salaam, the Pugu Hills offer a mix of forest, hills, and wildlife. The area is home to one of the world’s oldest known forests, where you can find unique plant species, birds, and small animals. Walking trails lead through lush greenery and up to viewpoints overlooking the city and coastal plains. Besides hiking and birdwatching, the hills are also valued for their caves and sacred sites, which carry cultural importance for local communities. There is also a small lake where you can enjoy kayaking.

The site can be reached by taxi ordered from Uber or Bolt. At the entrance, you will have to register and hire a mandatory guide.

Bongoyo Island

A small, uninhabited island, located about 7 kilometers north of Dar es Salaam. It is a popular destination for locals and tourists seeking a peaceful escape from the city.

The island features a mix of coastal vegetation and some baobab trees. Marine life includes tropical fish and occasional sightings of sea turtles and other aquatic species.

There are basic facilities such as a small restaurant that serves freshly caught seafood and drinks. As soon as you arrive, the local guys will approach you with the menu. Choose whatever you want and say at what time you would like it to be served.

Read more in a separate post HERE.

Mbeya Island

Another nearby island which is as well the part of a protected area that helps conserve coral reefs and marine life. Snorkeling and diving around the island reveal colorful corals, tropical fish, and occasionally sea turtles. The atmosphere feels peaceful and unspoiled.

The Usambara Mountains in northeastern Tanzania are a range known for their dramatic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. They form part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, a chain of ancient, forested highlands stretching across East Africa. Due to the number of species found nowhere else, these mountains are considered one of the most important areas for biodiversity on the continent.

The Usambara Mountains lie roughly midway between Mount Kilimanjaro and the Indian Ocean, and they are divided into two main sections:

West Usambara Mountains – centred around the town of Lushoto, known for its cooler climate and terraced agriculture.

East Usambara Mountains – home to more intact rainforests and protected areas like the Amani Nature Reserve.

The mountains rise sharply from the plains, creating valleys, cliffs, and fertile hillsides that support both forest and farming communities. The forests are estimated to be tens of millions of years old, which makes them hotspots for unique plant and animal life. You will find rare birds like the Usambara eagle-owl and greenbul, unique reptiles such as two-horned chameleons and countless butterflies, orchids, and medicinal plants.

The Wasambaa people have lived in the region for generations. They’ve developed sustainable farming techniques suited to the steep terrain, including terracing and intercropping. Agriculture is central to life here, with bananas, maize, potatoes, and vegetables being commonly grown.

The history of Lushoto

Lushoto has long served as a retreat from the heat of the lowlands and a cultural hub for the surrounding region. Its history is closely tied to both local traditions and colonial developments that left a lasting impact.

In the late 1800s, German colonists arrived in the region, and Lushoto became part of German East Africa. Attracted by the cool climate and fertile soil, the Germans saw the area as ideal for settling. They renamed the town Wilhelmstal in honour of the German emperor.

During this time, European-style buildings, schools, and mission stations were constructed. The Germans introduced new crops, roads, and administrative systems. They also converted parts of the surrounding forest into agricultural estates, experimenting with crops like tea and coffee. Some of the architecture from this period still stands today, giving Lushoto a unique blend of African and European character.

After World War I, Germany lost control of its East African territories. The British took over, and the name Lushoto was restored. The British continued to use the area for agricultural research and as a cooler, more temperate highland post. Missionaries, educators, and colonial administrators helped expand schools and clinics, many of which served both colonial and local populations.

Even after Tanzania gained independence in 1961, Lushoto retained its role as a regional centre for education, farming, and governance. The surrounding hills became more populated, and the town began to grow gradually, though still relatively quiet and rural.

Today, visitors come to hike through mountain trails, explore forests, visit waterfalls, and meet local families who preserve traditional farming and herbal practices.

How to get there?

By Bus

From Dar es Salaam

Take a long-distance bus heading toward Moshi, Arusha, or Lushoto directly (some companies offer this). Get off at Mombo, the junction town at the base of the mountains. From Mombo, take a local daladala (minibus) or shared taxi up the winding road to Lushoto (~1 hour). The road is paved but steep and curvy.

From Tanga

Tanga has minivans and buses that connect to Mombo or Lushoto directly. The road is in fair condition and passes through rural villages and farmland.

From Arusha or Moshi

Travel south by bus along the main highway toward Moshi, Himo, then on to Mombo. From Mombo, transfer as above to Lushoto.

By Air

There is no airport in Lushoto itself. You can fly into Tanga Airport (from Dar or Zanzibar), then travel by road to Lushoto. Alternatively, fly to Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) or Arusha, then take a bus or private transfer south to Mombo/Lushoto.

By Car or Taxi

Hiring a private car from Moshi, Tanga, or Dar es Salaam gives you more flexibility and comfort, especially if travelling in a group. A 4×4 isn’t usually necessary unless you’re continuing to remote areas like Mambo Viewpoint or during the rainy season.

The best time to visit

June to October: This is the cooler, dry season and is considered ideal for hiking, village tours, and nature walks. The skies are clearer, and the risk of heavy rain disrupting outdoor activities is low.

December to February: Also relatively dry and slightly warmer, but still a good time for travel and sightseeing. 

Lushoto’s elevation (over 1,400 meters) means it enjoys a cool, temperate climate year-round, especially compared to the coastal or lowland areas.

Even in the dry season, mornings and evenings can be chilly, so it’s wise to bring a warm layer, especially if you’re heading to higher areas like Mambo Viewpoint or Magamba Forest.

Where to stay?

I stayed in the Steven and Dayness Homestay, located within walking distance of the Lushoto town centre. The room was really spacious and could accommodate even 4 people. They also organised a hiking guide for the Lushoto – Mambo route and stored my luggage.

Hiking from Lushoto to Mambo

The Lushoto to Mambo or Mtae hiking route is one of the most scenic and culturally rich treks in the Usambara Mountains. It takes you across forest trails, hillside farms, local villages, and breathtaking viewpoints. The standard itinerary takes about 3 days but can be modified according to your expectations.

I did it with the guide and strongly recommend that you do the same. While it is possible to follow offline maps (e.g. Mapy.CZ) and do it independently without any significant dangers or risk of getting lost, I felt I really learnt a lot from my guide, and he was a great and very open person to talk to.

Rashid can be contacted on WhatsApp: +255 623 278 325 or on Instagram: @lushoto_adventures.

How much does it cost?

I handled all the organisation through my guesthouse, and you should expect to pay between 45-50 USD per day per person. The price includes a guide, accommodation and food.

Day 0

In the evening, my guide Rashid came over to the place where I was staying to introduce himself and share some more details about the hike and the route. He seemed to be a very nice guy, so I was sure that I was going to be in good hands!

Day 1

Route: Lushoto to Lukozi

Distance: ~ 20-22 km

We left Lushoto at about 8 AM, following a steady uphill trail into Magamba Rainforest, a protected area full of ancient trees, colobus monkeys, and birdlife. The temperature was pleasant and I quickly I got involved in the conversation with Rashid, while heading towards Magamba Village.

The surrounding was a combination of forest and farm fields, and we managed to spot some chameleons! Rashid had really good eyes for that, and I was sure that I wouldn’t see any of them if hiking alone. People that we met en route were very friendly, and they were always saying hello or waving to us. Very good picture opportunities, although sometimes I felt quite shy to point the camera at random people. Luckily, in many situations, they asked to take a photo of them! The people in that region mostly grow fruits and vegetables, and the whole area reminded me of the outskirts of Dalat in Vietnam.

After we passed Magamba Village, there was the section following the dust road, which was quite boring and tiring as it was getting hotter, but then we made a break and had lunch. It was delivered on a motorbike by the lady from my homestay. I was surprised, as we could have just packed it into our backpacks directly in Lushoto without troubling her 🙂

Then, we passed some more villages and fields, which was a great opportunity to observe locals during their daily activities: farming, carrying water, or simply spending time with each other.

When we were approaching our accommodation, there was one more serious uphill section, but we were rushing as the thunderstorm was coming. The place was called Bush Baby, and I was allocated to the big room with 3 different tents inside. All of them were not in the best shape and ripped in place, but the night was quite comfortable. There were also hot showers, and they had surprisingly good water pressure. In the evening, we had the chance to socialise with other tourists while having dinner.

Day 2

Route: Hike from Lukozi to Rangwi, motorbike ride from Rangwi to Mambo

Distance: ~ 15 km (hike only)

The breakfast was really good, and it consisted of pancakes, jam, bananas, peanut butter, etc. Pretty standard for Tanzania, but really filling. Then, we hit the road, and the first section was going uphill for quite a while. The views were beautiful and we were surrounded by green hills. We met some friendly boys carrying buckets of water on their heads, and they were very pleased to be photographed.

Once we reached a kind of mountain pass, the route started to descend, going through very picturesque rolling hills, and once again I felt like in Asia. Finally, we arrived at Rangwi Convent, where we had lunch: noodles, rice, meat, beans, etc. Food definitely isn’t the strong side of Tanzania.

Some people decide to spend the night at a convent guesthouse or a basic homestay in a nearby village like Sunga. If you want to take a hike at a more leisurely pace, it will be a great option.

In my case, Rashid said that the hike between Rangwi and Mambo isn’t that nice, therefore it’s better to save the legs and cover the distance on the bikes. I agreed and soon we got picked by two riders and they took us to accommodation in Mambo village: Magumba Hotel. Before we arrived there, we made a stop at a local workshop where people make wooden cups, plates, and all that. From there, we walked the remaining distance to Magumba. The accommodation was beautifully located, and inside the room, there were 3 big beds and a lot of windows with a super cool panoramic view.

I got an idea to have an extra walk to Mambo Viewpoint, and it was enthusiastically accepted by Rashid. The walk there was quite pleasant, through a very lively village with lots of photo opportunities. The viewpoint is basically at the end of the Usambara Mountains with Mkomazi National Park at our feet, and we could see large plains spreading till the horizon. It was a great decision to come here and definitely a highlight of the day! We were greeted by 3 boys who were playing around, climbing trees. What a playground they have!

We spent quite a long time there waiting for sunset, and when it got a bit chilly, we decided to walk back. The dinner was classic but tasty: chicken, rice, beans. Luckily, I managed to get a hot shower even though the electricity wasn’t very stable, and it was on and off.

Day 3

We had to wake up very early to take a minibus back to Lushoto. At 5 AM, we were ready to leave, and we had to walk a bit to the ‘bus stop’. It was pitch black and quite chilly. The ride was incredibly bumpy, but I managed to sleep a little bit. The views outside had to be nice, but the windows in the bus were darkened and dirty, so it was really difficult to enjoy the ride.

Once in Lushoto, we went to breakfast and then hiked to Irente Viewpoint, Java Viewpoint and Kisasa Waterfalls, which I will describe in a separate paragraph below.

Other attractions around Lushoto

Irente Viewpoint

A dramatic cliff-top lookout point situated about 5 km west of Lushoto. From this viewpoint, you can enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of the Mazinde plains, the Pare Mountains and sometimes even Mount Kilimanjaro on a clear day. Hiking from Lushoto takes about 1.5 to 2 hours through scenic countryside and local villages. You can also get there on a motorbike.

Java Viewpoint

Another fantastic spot, very close to the much more popular Irente. In my opinion, it has even better views and is less crowded.

Kisasa Waterfall

Kisasa Waterfall is a moderate-sized waterfall nestled within a green forested valley. It is reached via a short hike through farmlands, forests, and sometimes steep, slippery trails.

Other hikes

An alternative hike in that area takes you from Lushoto to Mazumbai Rainforest and takes about 2-3 days. Inquire about that option in your guesthouse or directly with Rashid (+255 623 278 325).

Tanga is a coastal city in northeastern Tanzania, located along the Indian Ocean. It’s one of the oldest and historically significant urban centres in the country. It has long served as a port city and regional hub due to its strategic position near the border with Kenya and along important maritime routes.

Historical Background

Before colonial times, Tanga was part of the broader Swahili Coast culture, characterised by a network of trading cities that engaged in commerce across the Indian Ocean. These communities traded with Arabian, Persian, and Indian merchants, exchanging local products like ivory, spices, and slaves for goods such as textiles and beads. Tanga’s population was largely influenced by foreign cultures, which is still visible in the city’s architecture and traditions.

In the late 19th century, Tanga became one of the first towns in mainland Tanzania to fall under German colonial rule. The Germans designated Tanga as an administrative and commercial centre, and they invested in infrastructure such as railways, roads, and port facilities. One of their most lasting contributions was the construction of the Usambara Railway, which connected Tanga to the interior of the country, facilitating the transport of agricultural products and other goods.

Tanga gained prominence as a key exporter of sisal, a plant used to make rope and other materials. The crop became the backbone of the local economy, and the region was known as the “Sisal Capital” of the world for a time.

Tanga is historically notable for being the site of the Battle of Tanga in 1914, one of the first major battles in the East African campaign of World War I. British forces attempted to capture the town from the Germans but were defeated in a well-documented and embarrassing retreat, sometimes referred to as the “Battle of the Bees” due to swarms of bees disrupting the fighting.

After World War I, Tanga came under British administration. While the British continued to support sisal cultivation, the city’s economic growth slowed compared to other Tanzanian centers like Dar es Salaam. Following Tanzania’s independence in 1961, Tanga remained an important regional center but gradually lost some of its economic dominance as focus shifted elsewhere.

Today, Tanga continues to serve as a port and supports trade in agricultural products, including sisal, tea, and coffee. The city is also a gateway to natural attractions such as the Amboni Caves, the Usambara Mountains, and nearby beaches.

How to get there?

By Air

Tanga has a small domestic airport that serves flights mainly from Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, and sometimes Arusha or Moshi. These flights are usually short (about 1 hour from Dar es Salaam) and are offered by local airlines.

By Road

From Dar es Salaam

The drive takes around 6–8 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions. The route is mostly paved and passes through towns like Chalinze and Segera.

From Arusha or Moshi

Travelling from the north takes a similar amount of time (6–8 hours) and offers scenic views, especially near the Usambara Mountains.

From Mombasa (Kenya)

Tanga is quite close to the Kenyan border, so it’s also possible to travel from Mombasa via the Horohoro border post. However, make sure to check visa requirements and border crossing procedures.

By Bus

Several long-distance bus companies operate routes between Tanga and other major Tanzanian cities like Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Moshi, and Dodoma. Buses are usually affordable and run daily, though the journey can be long and tiring. Booking in advance is recommended for comfort and reliability.

By Train

Historically, Tanga was connected by the Usambara Railway, linking it to Moshi and the interior regions. While the train services aren’t as active or reliable today for passenger transport, there are occasional efforts to revive or maintain the railway for cargo and limited travel.

By Sea

Tanga has a functioning port, and while it’s mainly used for cargo, there are sometimes ferry services or private boats between Tanga and Zanzibar. This option is less common for travellers but might be available for those seeking a more adventurous route.

The best time to visit

Main Dry Season: June to October

This is considered the ideal time to visit. The weather is mostly sunny, with lower humidity and minimal rainfall. Temperatures are warm but comfortable, making it great for outdoor activities like visiting beaches, exploring the Amboni Caves, or hiking in the Usambara Mountains nearby.

Short Dry Period: January to February

This is another decent time to travel, especially if you want to avoid peak tourist season. Rain may occur occasionally, but it’s generally light and brief.

Fewer tourists visit Tanga compared to places like Zanzibar or Arusha, so even in the best season, it’s usually not crowded. Mosquitoes and the risk of malaria tend to increase during the rainy seasons, so visiting during the dry months can also reduce health risks.

Where to stay?

I stayed in the Nyinda Executive Hotel, located within walking distance of the city centre. The room was simple, but for one night, it was more than enough. They also have a restaurant.

What to see in Tanga?

All the interesting sights are located within walking distance, and you won’t need more than half a day to see them.

Start at St. Augustine Anglican Church, and then continue to St. Anthony’s Cathedral. It is the main Catholic church in the region and the seat of the local bishop. Built between 1893 and 1898 during the German colonial period, it stands as one of the oldest cathedrals in Tanzania.

Nearby, you can admire the building of Tanga City Hall as well as pay a visit to the URITHI Tanga Museum. Established in 1999 by the Tanga Heritage Centre (Urithi), a non-profit organisation, the museum is housed in a restored German colonial-era building. Visitors can explore a diverse collection of artefacts, photographs, and exhibits that narrate the story of Tanga’s evolution from its early days to the present. The museum is small, but it’s worth a visit. Tickets are 10.000 TSH for foreigners, including the guide.

Other historic buildings with nice architecture, which are the reminders of the past, are the Tanga Library, the Usambara Court House, the Old Tanga School and the Historic German Hospital. If you need a moment of break and rest, you can chill at Jamhuri Park, Uhuru Park, or Raskazone Beach. Inside Jamhuri Park, you will find the German Clock Tower, which was recently renovated. It was constructed originally in 1901.

What to see out of town?

Amboni Caves

One of the most extensive limestone cave systems in East Africa. Formed around 150 million years ago during the Jurassic period, these caves are a natural wonder shaped by ancient marine processes when the region was submerged under the ocean.

What makes the Amboni Caves particularly interesting isn’t just their geological formation, but also their cultural and historical significance. Over the years, they’ve served different roles: from places of refuge and worship to tourist attractions. Some local communities, especially those of the Segeju and Digo ethnic groups, consider the caves sacred and associate them with spiritual practices.

Inside the caves, you’ll find stalactites and stalagmites in various shapes. Exploring the caves requires a guide. The system has about ten caves, but only one is open to tourists.

Overall, if you have ever been to any caves, I don’t think you will find Amboni particularly interesting. The visit is short, and of course, they will charge you a mzungu entrance fee, which is 10 USD. You can easily come here on a boda-boda from Tanga centre, and you should ask the driver to wait for you.

Tongoni Ruins

The remains of a once-thriving Swahili settlement are located about 17 kilometres south of Tanga, along the Tanzanian coast. These ruins are a reminder of the region’s rich maritime and Islamic history, dating back to the 14th or 15th century.

At its peak, Tongoni was an important fishing and trading town, likely involved in regional and international trade across the Indian Ocean. The site includes crumbling coral stone structures, old houses, mosques, and a notable collection of tombs. Some of these graves are believed to belong to local rulers and Islamic scholars, suggesting the settlement held both political and religious significance.

What stands out about Tongoni is its connection to the early spread of Islam on the East African coast, as well as its role in the larger Swahili culture that blended African, Arab, and Persian influences. The ruins reflect a time when coastal towns like this were centres of learning, commerce, and seafaring.

The city of Iringa sits on a plateau at an elevation of over 1,500 meters, giving it a cool, temperate climate compared to much of the rest of Tanzania. It serves as a regional hub for trade, education, and administration.

The region is mainly agricultural, producing crops such as maize, sunflowers, beans, and vegetables. It’s also a gateway to Ruaha National Park, one of the largest and most biodiverse national parks in East Africa.

Historical Background

Iringa is part of the historical homeland of the Hehe people, an ethnic group known for their strong resistance to foreign intrusion. The Hehe were organised under a centralised leadership long before European colonisation, with chiefs and warriors playing significant roles in local governance and defence.

During the German colonial period (late 19th to early 20th century), Iringa became notable for the Hehe resistance led by Chief Mkwawa. He is remembered for his defiant opposition to German forces. In 1891, Mkwawa’s forces achieved a famous victory over the Germans at Lugalo. Despite eventual defeat, Mkwawa became a symbol of African resistance.

The Germans later built a military post in Iringa after subduing the region. You can still see traces of this architecture in parts of the city.

After World War I, the British took over Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) from the Germans. Iringa became a quieter administrative centre but maintained its agricultural importance. When Tanzania gained independence in 1961, Iringa continued to develop, with investments in infrastructure, schools, and regional governance.

How to get there?

By Air

Iringa has a small airport called Iringa Airport (Nduli Airport), located about 15 km from the city centre. Regular domestic flights connect Iringa to Dar es Salaam and sometimes Dodoma or Mbeya, depending on the airline and season. The flight from Dar es Salaam takes about 1 to 1.5 hours.

By Road

From Dar es Salaam:

The drive from Dar to Iringa is about 500–550 km, which takes 8 to 10 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions. The route follows the A7 highway, which is paved and generally in decent condition. It passes through Morogoro and Mikumi National Park, offering a chance to see wildlife right from the road.

From Dodoma:

From the capital Dodoma, Iringa is about 270 km south, roughly a 4 to 5-hour drive. The road is paved and goes through some hilly, scenic areas.

From Mbeya:

Iringa is northeast of Mbeya, and the road journey is about 330 km, taking 5 to 6 hours.

Buses and Coaches:

Several long-distance buses run daily between Iringa and major cities like Dar, Dodoma, Mbeya and Arusha. These are usually comfortable coach-style buses and are a popular, budget-friendly option.

By Train

Iringa is not directly on the major railway lines, but you can get close by rail. Take a train to Makambako (on the TAZARA railway line connecting Dar es Salaam to Zambia). From Makambako, it’s about 110 km to Iringa by road.

The best time to visit

The best time to visit Iringa is during the dry season, which typically runs from June to October. Iringa’s highland location means it’s already cooler than much of Tanzania, but during the dry months, the weather is especially pleasant: sunny days with crisp mornings and evenings. You’re unlikely to face travel disruptions due to rain. Roads are more reliable, and outdoor activities are more enjoyable.

If you’re planning to visit Ruaha National Park (about 2 hours from Iringa), this is prime time. Animals are easier to spot as they gather around shrinking water sources. Vegetation is thinner, improving visibility.

Other Times of Year:

November to February is still decent, but it can be hot in lower areas, and some early rains might begin.

March to May is the rainy season. Travel is harder, roads can get muddy or flooded, and some remote areas might be less accessible. However, the landscape is green and lush, so great for photography if you don’t mind the occasional downpour.

Where to stay?

I stayed in the Kalenga West Park & Tours Motel, where I arrived and checked in without a reservation. The room was quite ugly, but it cost 25.000 TZS per night and a quite decent breakfast was included. It is well located in the city centre.

What to see in Iringa?

I did a morning walk in town, visiting Ismaili Mosque, Maji Maji Monument, Uhuru Park, Boma Museum and the Clock Tower. All the places are located very close to each other.

In the second half of the day, I organised a boda boda rider to visit Gangilonga Rock and Igeleke Rock Art.

Boma Museum

The building itself dates back to 1914, originally constructed during German colonial rule. It was first used as a military hospital and later transitioned into an administrative hub during the British colonial period. After Tanzania gained independence in 1961, the structure continued to serve various government roles before being transformed into a museum in recent years.

Architecturally, the Boma blends several influences. Its design reflects a mix of German colonial style with Swahili and local elements, including unique stone walls, arches, and traditional construction techniques. The building has undergone careful restoration, preserving many of its original features while adapting it for public use.

Today, the museum functions as both a cultural and educational space. Its exhibits showcase the traditions, tools, and lifestyles of communities in the southern highlands, including the Hehe people. Visitors can explore displays of local crafts, traditional clothing, historical artefacts, and information on the colonial and post-independence eras.

Ismaili Mosque

Constructed in the early 1930s, this mosque was the result of the dedication and generosity of the local Ismaili community, particularly the Hamir family. Mohamed Hamir Pradhan, a prominent community member, played a pivotal role in its establishment. Demonstrating immense commitment, he personally contributed to the construction efforts, often working late into the night by kerosene lantern alongside his wife, Bachibai. Their unwavering dedication culminated in the mosque’s completion in 1933.

The mosque’s architecture is a harmonious blend of European and local influences. Its most striking feature is the prominent clock tower, which not only serves a functional purpose but also adds a unique aesthetic appeal. The building’s design incorporates elements reminiscent of German colonial architecture, evident in its arcaded galleries and grand halls, yet it seamlessly integrates traditional Swahili motifs, reflecting the region’s diverse cultural influences.

Beyond its architectural significance, the mosque has been a cornerstone for the Ismaili community in Iringa. In 1936, during the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Imam Sultan Mahomed Shah, the mosque was formally presented as a gift to the Imam, symbolising the community’s devotion and unity.

Maji Maji Monument

The Maji Maji Monument commemorates the courage and resilience of those who participated in the Maji Maji Rebellion, a widespread resistance movement against German colonial forces from 1905 to 1907.

Located near the town’s police station, this rugged stone obelisk serves as a solemn reminder of the sacrifices made by countless individuals who fought for their freedom. The rebellion was sparked by oppressive colonial policies, including forced labour and taxation, which led various ethnic groups to unite in defiance. The term “Maji Maji” translates to “water water” in Swahili, referencing the belief that sacred water could protect warriors from bullets, a testament to the spiritual dimensions of the resistance.

While the rebellion was ultimately suppressed, resulting in significant loss of life, its legacy endures as a symbol of unity and determination.

Clock Tower

Originally erected in 1927, the tower replaced a statue of German officer Hermann von Wissmann, which had been installed in 1911. This transition marked a shift from colonial symbolism to a representation of the community’s evolving identity. 

A distinctive feature atop the tower is the “Uhuru Torch,” a national emblem of Tanzania symbolising freedom and enlightenment. First lit on Mount Kilimanjaro in 1961 to commemorate the country’s independence, the torch signifies the nation’s aspirations and unity. 

Uhuru Park

A small green area in town where you can relax in the shade.

Gangilonga Rock

The short scramble to the top was well worth the effort, and I was accompanied by the receptionist guy, but once we reached the town, he left me alone. The landscape around Iringa is full of rocks, a bit similar to Mwanza!

Gangilonga Rock means “talking stone” in the Hehe language. Historically, the rock served as a gathering spot for Hehe elders and leaders, including the renowned Chief Mkwawa. It was here that crucial decisions were made, and legends tell of the rock’s ability to “speak,” possibly inspired by the echoes produced when voices bounce off its surfaces.

Igeleke Rock Art

This archaeological site features ancient rock paintings that offer insights into the lives and beliefs of early human communities in the region. The artwork, primarily rendered in red ochre, adorns the surfaces of granite outcrops and shelters. These paintings depict a variety of subjects, including human figures and animals, reflecting the daily experiences and spiritual practices of the artists. The style and motifs bear similarities to other rock art traditions found across Central and Southern Africa, suggesting a shared cultural heritage.

The site is locked, so I recommend contacting the local guide before arriving to make sure that someone will be there to open the gate. You can text him on WhatsApp: +255 766 662 777. He was waiting for me with all his kids, and if I remember correctly, it was 4 of them! Then he showed me around and provided a short explanation of the meanings of rock art. There is no official entry price; I just tipped him 10.000 TZS.

What to see out of town?

Mkwawa Museum

The Mkwawa Museum is located in the village of Kalenga, approximately 10 kilometres away from Iringa. I got there by moto taxi, and it cost me 15.000 TZS after negotiations. This museum is dedicated to preserving the legacy of Chief Mkwawa, a prominent leader of the Hehe people who fiercely resisted German colonial forces in the late 19th century.

The museum houses the skull of Chief Mkwawa, which was taken to Germany after his death and returned in 1954. Visitors can also view Mkwawa’s weapons, clothing, and other personal items that offer insight into his life and leadership.

Together with the entrance ticket (10 USD), you get a guide who tells you more about the history of the place. Very useful as there are no information boards, and without it, you could have done it in 5 minutes.

Isimila Stone Age Site

I found a boda boda rider near the Clock Tower in Iringa, and he took me to the Isimila Stone Age Site. The ride was about half an hour. Once we arrived, I paid the entrance fee and got a local guide who explained to me the details of the walk and the historical background of the place. The boda rider joined as well, and I was pretty sure it was his first time here, as he was taking pictures of literally everything. His nickname was Maasai 🙂

The Isimila Stone Age Site is known for its well-preserved evidence of early human activity during the later part of the Acheulean period, which is associated with Homo erectus or early Homo sapiens.

What makes Isimila especially significant is the large number of stone tools found there, particularly hand axes, cleavers, scrapers, and other implements typical of early human technology. These tools were made from local quartzite and were used for tasks like cutting meat, processing plants, or shaping other tools.

In addition to the tools, the site has exposed ancient sediments and fossil-bearing layers that have helped archaeologists study the environment and lifestyle of early humans in East Africa, a region often called the “cradle of humanity.” Interestingly, while there are many artefacts, no human remains have been found at Isimila, which has led to various interpretations about how the site was used, possibly as a temporary campsite or a place for tool production.

We did a loop walk, admiring the visually striking landscape, where natural erosion created tall sandstone pillars that add a dramatic backdrop to the archaeological landscape. At the end, we visited a small museum.

Ruaha National Park

Ruaha National Park is one of Tanzania’s largest and most spectacular protected areas, about a 2-hour drive from Iringa. It’s less known than the northern parks like Serengeti or Ngorongoro, but it’s a hidden gem, rich in wildlife, dramatic landscapes, and fewer crowds.

The landscape is rugged and varied: a mix of savannahs, rocky hills, dry riverbeds, and baobab forests. This diversity supports a wide range of animals and ecosystems.

Ruaha is especially known for its large elephant population, one of the biggest concentrations in East Africa. There are also lions, leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs, buffaloes, giraffes, zebras and plenty of bird species.

The price of a 1-day private safari is about 250 – 300 USD. In the end, I had to give it up, as in March, I couldn’t find any other tourists willing to join and share the costs.

Morogoro is located at the base of the Uluguru Mountains. It’s known primarily as an agricultural and administrative centre, with a long-standing role in training and education, particularly through institutions like Sokoine University of Agriculture.

Historically, Morogoro developed as a colonial settlement during German East Africa, and later under British rule. Its strategic position made it a useful location for missions, military logistics, and development projects during the post-independence period. The city has grown steadily but retains a slower pace than places like Dar es Salaam.

Its cultural makeup is diverse, shaped by both indigenous groups and long-term Swahili and Arab influence, with signs of colonial infrastructure still visible.

How to get there?

By Train

Tanzania’s railway line passes through Morogoro. The standard gauge railway (SGR) is a comfortable and very fast way of travelling (2 hours).

You can book your tickets HERE. 

By Air

There’s no major commercial airport in Morogoro itself, so travellers usually fly into Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam and continue by road.

By Road

Buses and private cars travel the roughly 190-kilometre route, typically taking 4 to 5 hours depending on traffic and road conditions. Several intercity bus services run daily, offering various levels of comfort.

The best time to visit

The best time to visit Morogoro is during the dry seasons, which fall between June and October or late December and February. These months generally offer more stable weather, making travel and outdoor activities, like hiking in the Uluguru Mountains or visiting nearby nature reserves, much easier and more pleasant.

In contrast, the rainy seasons (typically March to May and again around November) can bring heavy downpours, making some roads difficult to navigate and obscuring mountain views. If you’re planning on trekking or travelling through rural areas, the dry months are a safer bet.

Where to stay?

I stayed in the White House Hotel, where I arrived and checked in without a reservation. The room was okay, but it had AC and a mosquito net, so it met the two most important requirements in any accommodation in Tanzania. It is well located in the city centre and they have a good restaurant on site..

Another great place is Selah by Ohr, which you can find on Airbnb. They are located 1.6km from Choma waterfalls along a hiking trail and are neighbours with the Morning Side. If you need to disconnect and get away from it all, it’s an excellent choice!

My experience

There is not too much to see in the town itself, and the reason you should visit Morogoro is definitely the Uluguru Mountains. If you have some time to kill, you can have a look at Soko Kuu la Kingalu, which is a local market where you can find almost everything you need.

Follow Madakara Road to reach the peaceful St. Patrick’s Catholic Church. A bit further away, along Boma Road, is Emmanuel Church, from where it’s only a short walk to Morogoro Commonwealth Cemetery.

Choma Waterfalls

I started the hike at the “Rock Garden”, but the route to the waterfall wasn’t as interesting as I thought. Just walking on the wide dirt road, with rather sleepy villages on the way. You could take a moto taxi (boda-boda) to save some time and energy.

Upon arrival at the waterfall, I had to pay the entrance fee of 10.000 TZS. First, I made a stop at the higher part of the falls, and then I crossed to the other side and went down to see the lower part. Overall, a nice place, but not anything super spectacular.

There is another narrow path to the left of the main dirt road leading to another section of the falls. It was totally untouristy and just used by local kids to play. Very nice to see!

Morning Side

The building is the remnant of a German historical settlement. Nearby are great spots for camping with a view of Morogoro.

You can hike to it from either Choma Waterfalls or Rovuma Village, or take a boda-boda from Morogoro, but be prepared for a bumpy ride. If you are walking from Choma Waterfalls, don’t forget to stop by the picturesque German Church.

Lupanga Peak

Lupanga Peak is another prominent summit in the Uluguru Mountains, slightly lower than Bondwa but still notable, reaching about 2,150 meters. It’s closer to Morogoro town and often considered one of the more accessible high points in the range.

The hike to Lupanga is steep and can be physically demanding, especially in humid conditions, but it’s manageable for reasonably fit hikers. The route passes through lush rainforest, and because of the area’s biodiversity, it’s common to encounter rare plant species and hear a variety of birds. However, the summit is overgrown and the views are limited.

I found a guide online, and he was a very nice guy. His name is Sixberth, and he is the owner of Kaizulu Tours and Safaris, but also does some guided hikes for other companies if he doesn’t have his own clients. You can contact him on WhatsApp: +255 756 648 950.

Sixberth picked me up in the morning from the hotel, and we jumped on a moto taxi (boda-boda) to buy some snacks and then head to the trailhead.

The path was consistently climbing up, and first we were talking through the scenic farms with great views of Morogoro. Then, we reached the forest and continued pushing higher and higher. Unfortunately, it started to rain and some sections of the trail were incredibly steep and slippery, so I had to use to hands to hold on to the tree roots.

If I hadn’t been with Sixberth, I would probably have given up, as the weather conditions were really harsh. The closer to the summit, the steeper it was, and the wet ground and stones were not helping at all. But we made it! We reached the summit! There were no views because of the clouds and trees, but I felt satisfaction anyway. It was really great that I packed a dry T-shirt to change into!

After a break for snacks, we started going down and damn, it was slippery! Luckily, my Scarpa trekking shoes had a nice grip. The clouds cleared a bit, so we were able to see some mountain panoramas. By the time we came down, it was perfectly sunny.

Bundwa Peak

Bondwa Peak is one of the highest points in the Uluguru Mountains, standing at around 2,170 meters above sea level and offering sweeping views over the Morogoro valley and surrounding landscapes.

The peak is accessible through a hiking route that passes through dense forest, farmlands, and local villages, especially if you decide to climb from the city centre. It’s a moderately challenging climb, often done as a full-day hike. You can cut the distance and time by getting to Morning Side on a motorbike taxi and starting from there, and this was exactly what I did.

A boda-boda guy made sure that we had a wild, bumpy, and extremely uncomfortable ride. Honestly, it would be much better and easier to include Bondwa Peak in a full-day hike, including Choma Waterfalls. However, I did the falls the day before with a companion who wasn’t eager to continue to the peak 🙂

Upon arrival, I was once again negatively surprised by Tanzanian creativity. Two guys were hanging around Morning Side, and they approached me, claiming that this is a protected area and I need to pay an entrance fee. I asked them to show me an official document stating this fact, and they indeed showed me one, but the problem was that it was for completely different regions of the country. I walked away and started hiking, completely ignoring their voices. Nice try, boys.

At first, the rider wanted to walk with me all the way to the Bondwa Peak, but I saw he was wearing flip-flops, so I got seriously sceptical about it. I was right, as even though he followed me, he soon stayed behind and finally gave up. The path was a bit overgrown at first, but luckily I had Mapy.CZ app on the phone, so I was able to navigate without issues. If this is not your first hike, you don’t need a guide.

The distance is about 4.3 kilometres, and the return trip should take 3-4 hours. The time on the app is well overestimated.

I was walking really fast and without breaks, as there were plenty of flies buzzing around my head. There was a gate, and for a short moment, I was afraid that I had walked up only to see it closed. Luckily, it wasn’t the case. There was a guy taking care of the antenna station, but surprisingly, he didn’t even ask for a tip.

After a short rest, I hiked back, and my driver was very surprised that I was so quick. The ride down was a bit better, but still very bumpy!

Hululu Waterfalls

The journey to Hululu Waterfall begins with a drive to Vinile village, followed by a hike through lush forests. If you don’t have your vehicle, then it gets trickier as you need to reach Kibaoni Village by dala-dala and then either hike for about three hours or take a motorbike taxi. Prices of private transfers are rather steep!

Kinole

There are waterfalls, but the place is rather off the tourist map. Upon arrival in the village, you will need to ask for a guide to take you there as the trail isn’t marked on any maps. The village can be reached by dala-dala from Morogoro.

Mikumi National Park

Mikumi National Park is a large wildlife reserve in southern Tanzania, known for its rich variety of animals and accessible location. It is often compared to the Serengeti because of its wide, open grasslands. Visitors can expect to see elephants, lions, zebras, giraffes, hippos, and even rare animals like African wild dogs. Because it’s not as crowded as some other parks, Mikumi offers a quieter, more relaxed safari experience. It’s especially popular for short trips from Dar es Salaam since it’s only a few hours away by road.

The entrance to the park is about 100 km from Morogoro (a 2-hour drive), and you can find several safari operators in the town.

Read more about my visit to the national park HERE.

Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, located in the central part of the country. It lies on a plateau at an elevation of around 1,100 meters and serves as a key administrative and political centre.

Historically, Dodoma was a modest market town inhabited mostly by the Gogo people, one of the many ethnic groups in Tanzania. It gained strategic importance in the early 20th century during German colonial rule when it was connected to the Central Railway line, linking it to Dar es Salaam and the country’s interior. After the First World War, when the British took over the territory under a League of Nations mandate, Dodoma continued to develop slowly.

The major turning point in Dodoma’s history came in 1973, when the Tanzanian government announced plans to move the capital from the coastal city of Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. This decision was made to encourage more balanced regional development and to position the capital more centrally within the country. The idea was inspired by a desire for national unity and better accessibility, similar to the motivations behind other planned capital relocations around the world.

Although the capital was officially designated as Dodoma, the actual relocation process took decades, with many government functions remaining in Dar es Salaam for years. Over time, infrastructure in Dodoma improved, and by the 2010s, a more concerted effort was made to complete the move. Today, Dodoma is home to Tanzania’s Parliament and many government ministries.

Culturally, Dodoma reflects the traditions and lifestyle of central Tanzania, particularly those of the Gogo people, who are known for their pastoralist heritage, music, and oral storytelling. The city’s identity is shaped by rural values and a strong sense of community, in contrast to the more cosmopolitan and commercial culture of Dar es Salaam. Traditional foods, dances, and festivals rooted in agricultural cycles and social rites are still important in daily life.

How to get there?

By Road

Dodoma is well connected by highway to major cities like Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Mwanza. From Dar es Salaam, it’s about a 7-9 hour drive depending on traffic and road conditions. Long-distance buses operate daily between Dodoma and other urban centres, making road travel one of the most common ways to get there.

By Rail

Tanzania’s central railway line passes through Dodoma. The standard gauge railway (SGR) is a comfortable and very fast way of travelling (3-4 hours). Traditional trains still operate, but they can be slower and less predictable in terms of schedule.

You can book your tickets HERE. 

By Air

Dodoma has a regional airport that serves domestic flights. You can catch flights from Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, or other regional cities, typically with small carriers.

By Private Vehicle

Travelling by private car gives more flexibility. The roads leading to Dodoma have improved in recent years, especially the main arterial highways.

The best time to visit

The best time to travel to Dodoma is during the dry season, which generally runs from June to October. During these months, the weather is sunny, relatively cool, and stable, so ideal for road travel, sightseeing, and outdoor activities.

Dodoma has a semi-arid climate, so even in the dry season, it’s not as humid as coastal regions like Dar es Salaam. Temperatures are warm during the day but can be cooler in the evenings, especially in July and August.

The wet season, from November to around April, can bring heavy but short-lived rains, which may affect road conditions, especially in rural areas. However, the rains are usually not constant throughout the day, and some travellers prefer this period for the green scenery and fewer crowds.

Where to stay?

I stayed in the Kitemba Hotel, where I arrived and checked in without a reservation. The room was spacious and with AC. Slightly overpriced at 50.000 TZS per night, but prices are higher in Dodoma in general. It is perfectly located in the city centre.

My experience

I arrived by train from Morogoro and took a tuk-tuk to the hotel. After dropping my backpack, I started sightseeing by heading to the Gadaffi Mosque. It is one of the largest mosques in Tanzania, and its name is related to the fact that it was funded by Libya during Muammar Gaddafi’s rule.

Next, I took a tuk-tuk to Bunge (Parliament House). This is the centrepiece of Dodoma’s political life, where the National Assembly meets. It’s a prominent structure and symbol of Tanzanian democracy. Unfortunately, sightseeing inside is rarely possible, so I just walked around and saw the buildings from the street.

Back in the city centre, I explored the temples located near the Dodoma Roundabout: the Anglican Cathedral, the Lutheran Cathedral, and the Ismaili Mosque. They all reflect the city’s religious diversity alongside churches and mosques of various denominations.

A bit further away, following Amani Road, is the Dodoma Cathedral (St. Paul of the Cross). The principal Roman Catholic cathedral serves as the seat of the Archdiocese of Dodoma. Established in 1937, it has been central to the region’s Catholic community and was elevated to archdiocesan status in 2014.

From there, I walked to see the old train station, which is worth a quick look.

To the north of the Dodoma Roundabout, you can find Nyerere Square. Named after Julius Nyerere, Tanzania’s founding president, this public square serves as a commemorative space and a gathering spot for events and parades.

Soko Kuu is the main market in Dodoma where you can find a variety of products: meat, vegetables, fruits, spices and many more. It’s a bustling space, so even if you don’t plan to buy anything, allow yourself to get lost in narrow alleys and look around.