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Lake Manyara is a shallow, alkaline lake in northern Tanzania, located within the East African Rift Valley. It covers approximately 470 square kilometres and is part of Lake Manyara National Park, a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve. The lake is known for its rich biodiversity, including large populations of flamingos, over 400 bird species, and a variety of wildlife such as elephants, hippos, giraffes, and the famous tree-climbing lions.

The lake’s name is believed to come from the Maasai word emanyara, referring to a spiky plant used to build protective enclosures around their homesteads. The surrounding park features diverse landscapes, including groundwater forests, savannas, and wetlands.

Visitors to Lake Manyara can enjoy game drives, birdwatching, canoeing (seasonal), and cultural experiences in the nearby town of Mto wa Mbu. The lake is also home to fish species like tilapia and catfish, with the endangered Oreochromis amphimelas endemic to the area.

How to get there?

Getting to Lake Manyara depends on your starting point, but the most common routes are from Arusha, which is the main gateway to northern Tanzania’s safari circuit.

By Road

From Arusha: The drive to Lake Manyara National Park takes about 2 to 2.5 hours (approximately 126 km). The road is well-paved up to the park gate, making it an easy drive.

From Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO): If you’re arriving by international flight, it’s about 3-4 hours (170 km) by road to the park.

From Ngorongoro Crater or Serengeti: If you’re coming from the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, it’s about 1.5 to 2 hours (80 km) to Lake Manyara. From the Serengeti, the drive can take 4-6 hours, depending on your exact location in the park.

Self-drive vs. Tour Operator: While self-driving is possible, most visitors book a guided safari through a tour operator, which includes transport, park entry fees, and game drives.

By Air

Manyara Airstrip (Lake Manyara Airport): There are domestic flights from Arusha, Serengeti, or Kilimanjaro to the Manyara Airstrip, which is just outside the park. Airlines like Coastal Aviation, Air Excel, and Regional Air offer scheduled and chartered flights.

By Organized Safari

Book a private or group safari tour from Arusha or other nearby locations for minimal hassle. I booked mine with Travel Africa Safari Agency as part of a 6-day safari that included Tarangire, Ngorongoro, Serengeti, and Lake Manyara. Although some organizational aspects could be improved, it was a good quality-to-price ratio. They offer so-called joining safari, which is a great way to save money and meet new people. 

Lake Manyara, Tanzania

The best time to visit

Best Overall Time: Dry Season (June – October)

Wildlife is easier to spot as animals gather around water sources, and the roads are in good condition. The weather is dry and sunny, with little to no rain. However, it is peak tourist season, so the park can be busier.

Best for Birdwatching & Lush Scenery: Wet Season (November – May)

Thousands of flamingos and migratory birds arrive, and the landscape is green and beautiful. Occasional rains, but mostly clear skies from January to February. Wildlife viewing is still good, though animals are more spread out. Fewer tourists, making for a quieter experience.

When to Avoid

March to May (Heavy rains): Roads can get muddy, and wildlife is harder to spot.

My experience

Lake Manyara was the last stop on my 6-day safari and maybe that was why I wasn’t so excited about what I saw. Serengeti and Ngorongoro set the bar so high that doing a game drive at the lake was quite unmemorable.

The morning was super rainy and a heavy thunderstorm delayed our departure from Ngedere Lodge quite a bit. Luckily, later during the day, the sky cleared up and the weather was beautiful.

Soon after we passed the entrance gate, we saw plenty of gibbons and even some blue monkeys. They were just hanging on the fallen trees, next to each other as it was quite a cold morning and it was still raining.

Blue monkeys are one of three primate species in the park, along with baboons and vervet monkeys. They are mainly olive or grey, with a dark face and a blackish cap, feet, and front legs. They have little hair on their face, which can sometimes make them appear blue.

Later on, we saw some giraffes, zebras and elephants, but compared to the scale of Serengeti or Ngorongoro, it was not that breathtaking. The park is quite overgrown so it’s difficult to spot animals in the bush. Nevertheless, it was cool to see a group of elephants simply walking on the main road.

After lunch, we drove down to the shore looking for lions that climb the trees and very often can be spotted chilling there but we weren’t lucky on the day and we didn’t see any.

Lake Manyara is huge (470 square kilometres), and you can’t even see the other side of it. It doesn’t look as impressive from the shore as it does from the viewpoint located en route to Ngorongoro. There are many dead trees in the water – the result of the lake overflowing.

All in all, out of the places that were included in my safari trip: Serengeti, Ngorongoro, Tarangire and Lake Manyara, the last one was the least interesting and I would even say that it could be completely skipped. We didn’t see too many animals but on the other hand, maybe the perception would be different if it wasn’t the last place to visit, but the first.

Nearby places worth visiting

Ngorongoro Conservation Area

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area is a unique protected region in northern Tanzania, known for its diverse wildlife, stunning landscapes, and rich history. It is home to the Ngorongoro Crater, the world’s largest inactive, intact volcanic caldera, which supports many animals, including the Big Five: lions, elephants, buffaloes, leopards, and rhinos.

It’s about 1 – 2 hours drive from Lake Manyara to Ngorongoro Conservation Area. You will more information about this place in a separate post HERE.

Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania
Ngorongoro Viewpoint

Tarangire National Park

It is home to one of the largest elephant populations in Tanzania. You may also spot lions, leopards, cheetahs, giraffes, zebras, buffalo, wildebeest, and over 500 bird species.

Tarangire River is the park’s lifeline and attracts wildlife year-round. In the dry season (June–October), animals from surrounding areas migrate here for water.

The park’s landscape is known for its iconic baobab trees, also known as the “Tree of Life.” Other than that, you will experience rolling savannas, wetlands, and acacia woodlands.

It’s about 1.5 – 2 hours drive from Lake Manyara to Tarangire National Park. You will more information about this place in a separate post HERE.

Tarangire, Tanzania
Tarangire National Park

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area is a unique protected region in northern Tanzania, known for its diverse wildlife, stunning landscapes, and rich history. It is home to the Ngorongoro Crater, the world’s largest inactive, intact volcanic caldera, which supports many animals, including the Big Five: lions, elephants, buffaloes, leopards, and rhinos.

The area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is distinct because it allows wildlife conservation and human habitation. The Maasai people live within the conservation area, continuing their traditional pastoral lifestyle while coexisting with the animals.

Ngorongoro is also significant for its archaeological sites, including Olduvai Gorge, where some of the oldest human fossils and tools have been discovered, offering insights into early human evolution. The region’s diverse ecosystems range from grasslands and forests to wetlands and highland plains, creating a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and researchers.

How to get there?

Getting to the Ngorongoro Conservation Area depends on your starting point, but most visitors arrive via Arusha, the main gateway to Tanzania’s northern safari circuit. Here are the main ways to reach Ngorongoro:

By Road

From Arusha: It’s about 160 km, taking 3 to 4 hours by car. Most visitors take a guided safari in a 4×4 vehicle. Self-drive inside the crater is allowed.

From Serengeti National Park: A drive from Serengeti to Ngorongoro takes about 3 to 5 hours, depending on the route and road conditions.

Lake Manyara is only about 1.5 to 2 hours away, making it a common stop before heading to Ngorongoro.

By Air

International Flights – Arrive at Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) near Arusha, or Julius Nyerere International Airport (DAR) in Dar es Salaam.

Domestic Flights – From Arusha or Dar es Salaam, take a domestic flight to Lake Manyara Airport or Seronera Airstrip in the Serengeti. From there, a safari vehicle can take you to Ngorongoro.

By Organized Safari

Book a private or group safari tour from Arusha or other nearby locations for minimal hassle. I booked mine with Travel Africa Safari Agency as part of a 6-day safari that included Tarangire, Ngorongoro, Serengeti, and Lake Manyara. Although some organizational aspects could be improved, it was a good quality-to-price ratio. They offer so-called joining safari, which is a great way to save money and meet new people. 

Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania

The best time to visit

Best Time for wildlife viewing is June to October (Dry Season).

Animals are easier to spot as they gather around water sources. The weather is cooler and dry, making safaris more comfortable. Roads are in better condition compared to the rainy season. The crater offers great sightings year-round, but predators are more active in dry months.

Best Time for Green Landscapes and Fewer Crowds: November to May (Wet Season)

Lush green scenery with blooming flowers, great for photography. Fewer tourists, so you get a quieter and more intimate safari experience. The calving season (January to March) in the nearby Serengeti attracts predators, making it an exciting time to visit. Birdwatching is excellent, with migratory birds arriving.

When to Avoid

March to May is the peak of the long rains, which can make some roads muddy and harder to navigate. However, Ngorongoro Crater is still accessible year-round.

My experience

After the night at the campsite and filling breakfast, it was time to get into our Land Cruiser and descend into the crater. The only animal from the Big Five that we hadn’t seen was a rhino, so we had high hopes to see one down there!

First, we saw some wildebeests and zebras and then drove further to the lake to have a look at flamingos and hippos. The morning was quite cold and cloudy, but with every minute the sky was clearing up. As we continued our game drive, we encountered elephants, buffaloes, warthogs and quite a few lions, as always lying down without too much movement 🙂 Luckily, there was one which was more active and it was walking along the road just next to safari cars and at one moment it decided to simply lay down near the wheel of a Land Cruiser. Pretty awesome!

Then, our driver heard on the radio that someone had spotted a rhino, so we rushed to the place. Indeed, two rhinos were standing in front of the small lake, however, the distance was significant and we could see them clearly only through binoculars.

The lunch stop was near the pond with hippos so we could hear them emerging from the water and heavy breathing. Very enjoyable place although the sun was already out and it was getting very hot. Then, we slowly started heading towards the exit. The way out of the crater is different than the way in.

Overall, I would place Ngorongoro Crater in the second place of my favourite places during a 6-day safari, just after the Serengeti. There is something magical in observing the crater from the viewpoint at the rim and then descending to the bottom and seeing all the animals roaming around. A real theatre of life and death!

Nearby places worth visiting

Ngorongoro Crater Viewpoint

An obligatory stop before driving down into the crater! The panorama and vastness of the place are simply breathtaking.

Olduvai Gorge and the Museum

One of the world’s most important paleoanthropological sites, often called the “Cradle of Mankind”. It has provided crucial evidence of early human evolution. Archaeologists Louis and Mary Leakey made groundbreaking discoveries here, including fossils of Homo habilis (about 1.9 million years old) and Paranthropus boisei (about 1.8 million years old).

Some of the oldest known stone tools, dating back 1.7 to 2.1 million years, were found in the gorge, showing early human technological advancement. The gorge’s layers reveal a timeline of human evolution over nearly 2 million years, including shifts in climate and environment.

Olduvai Museum displays fossils, tools, and exhibits about early human ancestors. In the area, there are also Shifting Sands, unique crescent-shaped dunes of volcanic ash that move slowly across the plains, as well as Laetoli Footprints, 3.6-million-year-old footprints of early hominins, proving bipedalism.

The museum is a short detour from the main road between Ngorongoro and Serengeti, however, you will need more time if you wish to discover Shifting Sands or Laetoli Footprints.

Olmoti Crater

Olmoti Crater is a shallow, grass-covered volcanic caldera north of the famous Ngorongoro Crater. It is less visited, making it a peaceful spot for those exploring nature on foot.

The crater is covered in lush grasslands and dotted with wildflowers, offering a different landscape from Ngorongoro’s rugged terrain. It has gentle slopes rather than steep crater walls. You may see buffalo, eland, bushbucks, zebras, and various bird species. There are fewer predators, making it safer for walking safaris. The Maasai people graze their cattle in the crater, offering visitors a chance to observe their traditional way of life.

Unlike Ngorongoro, Olmoti is explored on foot. A guided hike (about 30–45 minutes each way) takes you to the crater rim and the Munge Waterfall viewpoint. Visitors must be accompanied by an armed ranger for safety.

Lake Empakaai

Lake Empakaai is a crater lake located within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. It sits inside the Empakaai Crater, a lesser-known but equally breathtaking volcanic caldera about 40 km northeast of the Ngorongoro Crater. The lake covers most of the crater floor, surrounded by steep, forested cliffs that rise to 300 meters, creating a dramatic and secluded landscape.

The lake has a striking deep blue-green colour, often reflecting the surrounding cliffs and sky. On clear days, you can see as far as Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano, and even Lake Natron. Flamingos are often seen wading in the lake, along with other bird species. You might also spot buffalo, bushbucks, blue monkeys, and even leopards in the surrounding forest.

It is typically accessed via a guided walking safari, starting from the Nainokanoka ranger post. You must be accompanied by an armed ranger. The descent on foot into the crater takes about 30–45 minutes, and the hike back up can be challenging but rewarding.

Tarangire National Park is a wildlife reserve in northern Tanzania, known for its large elephant population, diverse landscapes, and rich biodiversity. It covers approximately 2,850 square kilometres and is part of Tanzania’s popular Northern Safari Circuit, which includes Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Crater.

It is home to one of the largest elephant populations in Tanzania. You may also spot lions, leopards, cheetahs, giraffes, zebras, buffalo, wildebeest, and over 500 bird species.

Tarangire River is the park’s lifeline and attracts wildlife year-round. In the dry season (June–October), animals from surrounding areas migrate here for water.

The park’s landscape is known for its iconic baobab trees, also known as the “Tree of Life.” Other than that, you will experience rolling savannas, wetlands, and acacia woodlands.

How to get there?

Getting to Tarangire National Park is relatively easy, especially if travelling from Arusha which is northern Tanzania safaris’s main gateway. Here are the main ways to reach the park:

By Road

Tarangire is about 120 km southwest of Arusha, and the drive takes 2 to 3 hours via the Great North Road (A104) and then a turnoff towards the park.

From Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO): About 160 km, taking 3.5 to 4 hours by road.

From Serengeti or Ngorongoro: You can drive from the Ngorongoro Crater (about 4–5 hours) or the Serengeti (around 6–7 hours).

The roads leading to the park are mostly paved, except for the last section, which is a dirt road. A 4×4 vehicle is recommended, especially during the rainy season (March-May), when some roads may become muddy.

Tarangire, Tanzania
Tarangire, Tanzania

By Air

The closest airstrip is Kuro Airstrip, located inside the park. Charter or scheduled flights operate from Arusha Airport (ARK), Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO), Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, and Serengeti. Airlines like Coastal Aviation, Auric Air, and Regional Air offer flights. Once you land, lodges and safari operators arrange pickups from Kuro Airstrip. Needless to say, this option is very expensive.

Organized safari

Book a private or group safari tour from Arusha or other nearby locations for minimal hassle. I booked mine with Travel Africa Safari Agency as part of a 6-day safari that included Tarangire, Ngorongoro, Serengeti, and Lake Manyara. Although some organizational aspects could be improved, it was a good quality-to-price ratio. They offer so-called joining safari, which is a great way to save money and meet new people. 

The best time to visit

The best time to visit Tarangire National Park depends on what you want to experience, but generally, the dry season (June–October) is the most popular for wildlife viewing.

Animals gather around the Tarangire River, making them easier to spot. It’s dry, sunny, and warm during the day (25–30°C). Cool nights. Best for observing elephants, big cats, and large herds of zebras, wildebeests, and buffalo.

Wet Season (November–May) comes with lush green landscapes, fewer tourists, and over 500 bird species (many migratory). The weather is warm and humid, with occasional rains (mostly short afternoon showers). The downside is that the wildlife is more spread out, and some roads may be muddy.

My experience

I visited Tarangire National Park at the end of January 2025 and the park itself was so-so. There were a lot of cars and all of them were going the same route, therefore sometimes you could have the feeling that you are stuck in a traffic jam. And the traffic jam got pretty serious when someone said on the radio that they saw a leopard. We made a really small loop in the park and I had the feeling there was so much more to discover if only the drivers were more willing to spread out in the area.

The highlights were giraffes, elephants and the leopard even though we could see them only from a far distance. Other than that, we saw a lot of birds but I’m not too much fan of those.

Lunch was served at the rest point, which had a panoramic view of the river.

Was it worth it?

If Tarangire is the only park that you are going to visit, you may end up disappointed especially if you visit in the wrong season. It can get crowded and I had the feeling that all the cars we doing the same, relatively short loop. We were out of the park around 3 PM which was way too early for me.

If it’s just a stopover on the way to Ngorongoro and Serengeti, then it is a nice introduction to what awaits you in the next few days. If you are not planning to visit other parks, maybe it’s a good idea to spend the night in Tarangire and continue the safari the next day. It will significantly raise the costs of the safari but you get the chance to experience the place in the early morning or late afternoon when day trippers are out.

Bongoyo Island is a small, uninhabited island, located about 7 kilometers north of Dar es Salaam. It is a popular destination for locals and tourists seeking a peaceful escape from the city.

The island features a mix of coastal vegetation and some baobab trees. Marine life includes tropical fish and occasional sightings of sea turtles and other aquatic species.

There are basic facilities such as a small restaurant that serves freshly caught seafood and drinks. As soon as you arrive, local guys will approach you with the menu. Choose whatever you want and say at what time you would like it to be served.

How to get there?

The island can be accessed via a short boat ride from the Slipway shopping and leisure complex in the Masaki Peninsula. The boat ride typically takes about 30 minutes.

Tickets can be bought in a small office opposite The Waterfront Restaurant. You have to register online and pay an entrance fee, but only credit card payments are accepted. Be sure to bring a receipt for paying the national park entrance fee as the staff will check it after arriving at the island. Boats come and go several times a day but the best is to arrive around 9-10 AM and wait for other tourists to join and share the cost of the boat. There is a minimum of 4 people in a boat and the ride costs 30.000 TZS.

Besides that, you will need to pay entrance fee for the marine reserve which is about 18 USD for non-residents.

Little shelters and sunbeds cost 5,000 TZS and are well worth it if you want to spend a few hours on the beach.

How to get around?

It’s a really small island and most people decide to stay on the beach for the whole day. There are hiking trails in the forest so if you need to stretch your legs, it’s a great opportunity! You may take a guide but with offline map on Mapy.CZ, you rather can’t get lost.

The best time to visit

The best time to visit Bongoyo Island is during the dry season, which runs from June to October and January to February. During this time, the weather is sunny, with clear skies, calm seas, and minimal rainfall, making it ideal for outdoor activities like swimming, snorkeling, and relaxing on the beach.

Where to stay?

There are options to camp on the island (for additional fee) but most people come for a day tour only. If you are looking for a budget friendly accommodation in Masaki area which is close to the Slipway and boat terminal, then I recommend Gallivanters Hostel.

Bongoyo Island, Tanzania
Clear waters near Bongoyo Island

What to do in Bongoyo Island?

Bongoyo Island is known for its pristine white sandy beaches, especially on its western side. Thatched bandas (huts) are available for rent, offering shade and a place to relax.

The surrounding coral reefs provide opportunities for snorkeling, allowing visitors to explore marine life. Equipment can be rented at the restaurant but don’t expect good quality.

Bongoyo Island, Tanzania
Sunbeds with the view
Bongoyo Island, Tanzania
The view to nearby Mbudya Island

There are two nature trails on the island. You may first take the Shark Lagoon Trail, which follows the coast and later connects with Central Trail leading to the ruins of German House, built in 1881, where colonial guards once held slaves before their journey to major markets. Along the trail, you can also explore some less visited beaches.

Overall, Bongoyo Island is a nice gateaway from the hassle and bustle of Tanzania’s biggest city – Dar es Salaam!

Bongoyo Island, Tanzania
Shark Lagoon

Bagamoyo, a coastal town in Tanzania, has a rich and multifaceted history shaped by its role as a trade centre, a hub for spreading religion, and a site of colonial influence.

It is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its historical significance. It remains a cultural and tourist attraction, with key sites such as The Old Fort, Kaole Ruins, The German Boma and Livingstone Tower.

History

The name “Bagamoyo” is derived from the Swahili phrase Bwaga-Moyo, meaning “Lay down your heart.” This reflects the despair of captives brought there during the height of the East African slave trade.

Before its prominence as a trade centre, Bagamoyo was a small fishing and farming village inhabited by the Wakwere and Zaramo people.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Bagamoyo became a major port for the Indian Ocean slave trade. Enslaved Africans from the interior were transported to the coast and sold to traders who shipped them to Zanzibar, the Middle East, and beyond.

Alongside slaves, ivory was another significant commodity traded through Bagamoyo.

In the 1860s, Bagamoyo became a hub for Christian missionary activities. The Catholic Holy Ghost Fathers established a mission station in 1868. This mission aimed to convert freed slaves and offer them refuge.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
The town is full of historic buildings

The mission is still operational and remains a key historical site, including the first church in East Africa.

Bagamoyo was a launching point for several famous European explorers of Africa, such as Richard Francis Burton, John Hanning Speke, and David Livingstone. The town was also a key stop for caravans travelling between the interior and the coast.

The town became part of German East Africa in the late 19th century. It briefly served as the capital before the administrative centre moved to Dar es Salaam in 1891. The Germans built several administrative and military structures in Bagamoyo, remnants of which are still visible today.

After the decline of the slave trade and the shift of administrative focus to Dar es Salaam, Bagamoyo lost much of its economic and political significance. However, its historical importance has been preserved through its architecture and cultural sites.

How to get there?

Bagamoyo is located about 65 kilometres (40 miles) north of Dar es Salaam, and you can get there via the following options:

By Public Transport

Daladalas are shared minibuses that operate between Dar es Salaam and Bagamoyo. Head to the Makumbusho Bus Terminal and get a transport to Bunju. There, you will need to change to another bus going to Bagamoyo.

The option is slow and uncomfortable, especially if you have luggage.

By Private Transfer / Taxi

Taxis can be booked using ride-hailing applications such as Bold or Uber. Alternatively, you can arrange a private transfer through your hotel or a local tour operator.

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By Rental Car

You can rent a car at the airport or in Dar es Salaam. The drive to Bagamoyo takes 1-1.5 hours via the Bagamoyo Road (A14). The road is in good condition for most of the route.

By Organized Tour

Many tour companies in Dar es Salaam offer day trips or multi-day packages to Bagamoyo, often including guided visits to historical sites.

How to get around Bagamoyo?

Once in Bagamoyo, you can explore the town on foot, by bicycle, or using local transport like motorbike taxis (boda-bodas).

The best time to visit

The most favourable weather in Bagamoyo is during the dry seasons, as temperatures are comfortable and rainfall is minimal.

Dry Season (June to October)

Cool and dry with average temperatures around 25–30°C. Perfect for exploring historical sites, beaches, and cultural attractions without the hassle of rain.

Clear skies and calm seas for beach activities. Ideal for outdoor exploration and photography.

Short Dry Season (January to February)

Warm and relatively dry after the short rains (November–December). Great for a quieter experience and less crowded beaches.

Bagamoyo experiences two rainy seasons:

Long Rains (March to May)

Heavy rains can cause flooding and make travel more challenging. Roads may become muddy or difficult to navigate, especially for daladala users. Historical sites and beaches are less enjoyable due to wet conditions.

Short Rains (November to December)

These rains are lighter but can still disrupt outdoor plans.

Where to stay?

I stayed at IDC Guest House and it was an excellent choice. The room was cosy and breakfast included in the price was tasty. The only negative side was the weak internet inside the room.

What to see in Bagamoyo?

Stone Town

Old Arab Fort

It was most likely constructed by Abdallah Selemani Marhabi and is the oldest stone structure in Bagamoyo. In 1856, Sultan Majid (Zanzibar) converted the formerly private structure into a fort. The fort was acquired by the trader Sewa Haji in 1890, and in 1894, he turned it over to the Germans. After that, it was extended and served as a garrison.

The English used it as a prison following World War I and as a police station following independence.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
Old Arab Fort

Hanging Place

In December 1889 the Germans hung six Arabs who had backed the Bushiri rebellion against German colonial rule. On December 15, 1889, the Germans executed Leader Bushiri in Pangani.

In honour of all the resistance fighters killed during the German colonial era, the well-known “Hanging Tree,” which stands between the Old Fort and the seashore, is now a national monument.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
Hanging Place

The German Cemetery

Between the port and the Bagamoyo College of Arts, right on the shore, is the former German colonial cemetery.

There are twenty burials here, including the graves of Gretel Schuller, who passed away six days after her birth, Antonie Bäumler, a German nurse who died on September 24, 1889, and eighteen German soldiers.

The cemetery was used between 1889 and 1894. The British District Commissioner Hon. William Bamphile, who died in 1939, rests in a separate grave outside the German graves.

Old German Boma

Following independence, the Bagamoyo District’s administration spent several years in the Boma before being forced to vacate the structure because of its deteriorating condition.

The front facade and balcony of the building fell due to the El Nino rains in 1998.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
Old German Boma

Old Bagamoyo Customs House

A new customs office with two towers at either end of the structure was constructed right at the Dhau Harbor in 1894–1895. It is the location where slaves were compelled to board boats and sent to Zanzibar’s infamous slave market.

Bagamoyo Old Market And Arts Market

When the Germans built the Old Slave Market in 1897, it housed market stalls, three shops, and a restaurant. The activity of the market declined as the city’s importance as a caravan trading post declined. The government of Tanzania gave the market to the artists to use as the Bagamoyo Art Market.

Catholic Historic Museum and Mission Cross

The Holy Ghost Fathers founded the pioneer mission after they were donated the land needed for it in 1868 by Sultan Majid. The modern Holy Ghost Church was constructed between 1910 and 1914, although the previous, which was constructed in 1872, is said to be the oldest church on the East African mainland. In 1874, David Livingstone was interred for a night at the Holy Ghost Mission and the Livingstone Tower, a component of the original chapel, is named in his honour.

The museum includes information about the slave trade, missionaries, the life of the people and some collections of artefacts of the indigenous tribes.

Entrance fee: 20.000 TZS for foreigners.

On the beach, directly across from the Catholic mission, is the imposing Mission Cross which was built in 1993 to honour the first missionaries to arrive in East Africa in 1868 and the Christianization of Africa.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
Catholic Historic Museum
Tanzania, Bagamoyo
Catholic Historic Museum

Bagamoyo Beach

Wonderful and lively place to walk around and to swim. There are many boats, snacks sellers and plenty of locals hanging out in the afternoon.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
The view from Bagamoyo Beach

The Caravan Serai Slave Trade Museum

One of the sites of remembrance connected to the ivory and slave trade operations of the 19th century, which features Swahili-Islamic architecture. Mr Said Magram Awadh, an Arab trader with a coconut plantation in Bagamoyo, constructed the two-story structure in the 1860s.

Coins, various ceramics, beads, and other anthropological artefacts related to the slave and ivory trade during the 19th century are on show in the museum.

It’s a small place which is quite expensive for foreigners: entrance is 23.000 TZS + tip for the guide and it doesn’t add much more to the knowledge that you get after the visit to the Old Arab Fort.

Kaole Ruins

An archaeological site that offers a glimpse into the Swahili culture and early Islamic influence on the East African coast. The ruins are located approximately 5 kilometres south of Bagamoyo. They are among the oldest remnants of settlement in the region, dating back to the 13th century, though some parts might be even older. Kaole was part of the larger Swahili Coast trading network, which connected East Africa with Arabia, Persia, and Asia. The settlement declined in importance with the rise of Bagamoyo and changes in trade routes.

The site contains the remains of two mosques, dating back to the 13th and 15th centuries. These mosques are believed to have been built by Arab and Persian traders who brought Islam to the area. The architectural style reflects early Swahili Islamic design, using coral stone and limestone.

Several pillar tombs are scattered across the site, a characteristic feature of early Islamic burial practices along the Swahili coast. Some tombs are said to belong to prominent leaders, while others are thought to be the graves of Arab traders and locals. A notable feature is the 15th-century tomb, believed to have been a shrine for religious purposes.

Excavations at Kaole have uncovered pottery, coins, and other artefacts that indicate the settlement was an important trading hub. Items found suggest trade connections with the Middle East, India, and other parts of the Indian Ocean world.

Tanzania, Bagamoyo
Kaole Ruins

Ceuta, a small yet strategically vital city on the northern tip of Africa, has a history as rich as it is complex. Its geographic position at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea shapes its story, which spans millennia and is a mix of cultural, economic, and military significance.

Today, Ceuta is one of Spain’s autonomous cities. The city faces challenges, particularly as a focal point of migration from Africa to Europe, and remains a politically sensitive area, with Morocco claiming sovereignty over it.

History

Ceuta’s history begins with the Phoenicians around the 7th century BCE, who established a settlement they called Abyla. This was a key point in their trade routes, connecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean worlds. Over the centuries, the Carthaginians and later the Romans took control of the region. Under Roman rule, Ceuta, known as Septem, became a key administrative and military post. Its proximity to the Iberian Peninsula gave it immense strategic value for controlling maritime traffic.

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Ceuta saw successive waves of conquests. The Vandals, Byzantines, and Visigoths each held sway over the city at various times. In 710, Ceuta became a staging ground for one of history’s pivotal moments: the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Berber leader Tariq ibn Ziyad launched his invasion from near Ceuta, crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and setting off centuries of Islamic rule in Spain.

For much of the medieval period, Ceuta was governed by Muslim dynasties, including the Umayyads, Almoravids, and Almohads. It flourished as a trade centre, linking the Islamic world with sub-Saharan Africa and Europe.

Ceuta, Spain
The panorama of Ceuta

In 1415, Ceuta underwent a dramatic shift when Portugal conquered it. This marked the beginning of European colonial expansion into Africa. The Portuguese saw Ceuta as a key to controlling trade in gold, spices, and slaves from Africa and as a foothold against Muslim powers. However, the conquest also disrupted traditional trade networks, diminishing the city’s economic vitality.

When Portugal and Spain united under the Iberian Union in 1580, Ceuta effectively came under Spanish influence. Even after Portugal regained independence in 1640, Ceuta chose to remain under Spanish sovereignty. This decision set the stage for its modern status as a Spanish enclave in Africa.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Ceuta evolved into a fortified Spanish outpost, reflecting its importance in European geopolitics. The city became a penal colony for Spain, housing political prisoners and convicts. Its strategic location again came to prominence during the 20th century, particularly during the Spanish Civil War and the era of decolonization in Africa.

How to get there?

Getting to Ceuta involves travelling to the northern tip of Morocco or southern Spain, as it is a Spanish enclave on the African continent.

By Ferry

The most common way to reach Ceuta from Spain is by ferry from Algeciras, a port city on Spain’s southern coast near Gibraltar. Several ferry companies operate daily trips, with the journey taking about 1–1.5 hours. Ferries accommodate passengers, vehicles, and cargo, making it convenient if you plan to drive around Ceuta.

You can also reach Ceuta indirectly by taking a ferry from southern Spain (e.g., Algeciras) to Tangier and then travelling overland to the border.

By Land

Ceuta is directly adjacent to Morocco, and you can cross the border at Tarajal, near the Moroccan city of Fnideq (also called Castillejos). To cross the border, you’ll need proper documentation: EU/Schengen citizens usually just need a passport while non-EU citizens may require a visa to enter Ceuta (treated as EU territory).

It’s a pleasant 3-kilometre walk along the seaside from the border to the city centre. Highly recommended if you don’t travel with heavy luggage. Otherwise, you may look for a city bus.

By Taxi or Bus

From major Moroccan cities like Tetouan or Tangier, you can take a bus or taxi to Fnideq and then walk across the border to Ceuta. The journey from Tangier to Fnideq takes about 1.5–2 hours by road.

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How to get around Ceuta?

Getting around Ceuta is relatively easy due to its small size, compact layout, and well-maintained infrastructure.

Ceuta’s main attractions, such as the Royal Walls (Murallas Reales), Plaza de África, and the Cathedral, are located within walking distance of each other in the city centre. The promenade along the waterfront is particularly scenic and pedestrian-friendly.

A network of urban buses connects the city centre with outlying neighbourhoods and key spots, including beaches. Fares are affordable, and buses are reliable for short distances.

Taxis are plentiful and can be hailed on the street or at taxi stands near the ferry terminal, major hotels, and popular attractions. Taxis use meters, but it’s good to confirm the price before starting longer trips.

Ceuta has good roads, and parking is available, though it may be limited in the busy city centre.

Ceuta, Spain
Wooden boardwalk along the sea

The best time to visit

The best time to visit Tangier largely depends on your preferences for weather, activities, and crowd levels.

Spring (March to May)

Pleasant temperatures averaging 15–23°C. Ideal for exploring the city, walking tours, and outdoor activities like hiking on Monte Hacho. Flowers are in bloom, making it a beautiful time for photography and scenic views.

Summer (June to August)

Warm to hot weather, with temperatures ranging from 22–30°C. Perfect for enjoying Ceuta’s beaches like Playa de la Ribera or Playa del Chorrillo. Clear skies and long days for outdoor activities. The busiest time of year, as it coincides with the European and Moroccan holiday seasons. Higher accommodation prices and hotter conditions for city sightseeing.

Autumn (September to November)

Warm, comfortable temperatures averaging 18–25°C. The sea is still warm from summer, making it great for swimming without the crowds. A quieter time to explore the city’s historical sites.

Winter (December to February)

Mild winter weather, with temperatures around 12–18°C. Perfect for walking tours and exploring historical sites without worrying about heat. Lower accommodation prices and fewer tourists. Cooler weather makes swimming and some outdoor activities less appealing.

Where to stay?

I was looking for a budget private room and got one in Hostal Plaza Ruiz. It was located in the city centre along a busy shopping street. The room and bathroom were very small but it was alright for a short stay as I was spending most of the time outside the room anyway.

Ceuta
Architecture in the city centre

What to see in Ceuta?

Ravelin of Saint Ignatius and the Royal Walls of Ceuta

Ancient Ceuta was bounded by the Royal Walls Monumental Complex. The Royal Moat, which has been navigable since the time of Portuguese dominion, is located beyond the Walls. East of this Moat lie the oldest fortresses of the Walls: the Fortresses of Bandera and Coraza Alta y su Caballero, as well as the Mallorquines Fortress, which houses the city’s tourism office. As a defence mechanism, the Bridge of Christ, which connected the Walls and the Mallorquines Fortress, could be raised in the past. At a specific point in the afternoon, a cannon shot was fired to indicate that it would be closed, cutting off the city from the surrounding area.

The parade field is surrounded by Saint Francis Xavier’s Counterguard, Saint Paul’s Fortress, and Saint Ignatius’ Ravelin. There is a free museum located inside the last one, presenting paintings in three main areas based on the origin of the artists: Ceuta, those linked to the City and the School of Tetouan.

Ceuta, Spain
The Royal Walls of Ceuta

Shrine of Our Lady of Africa

The Virgin of Africa is Ceuta’s patron saint. Henry the Navigator, the Infante of Portugal, brought the statue in 1418. The 600th anniversary of the Virgin of Africa’s arrival in Ceuta was commemorated in 2018.

Cathedral of the Assumption

A rudimentary Eastern Roman Christian church stood here before the incredibly wealthy Great Mosque of Ceuta took its place. There is no documentation of the changes made to the Great Mosque to convert it into a Christian church following the Portuguese conquest in 1415. After the edifice was destroyed by war-related events and the passage of time, a new church constructed by architect Juan de Ochoa was chosen to replace it around the end of the 17th century. Construction started in 1686, but the new cathedral wasn’t consecrated until 1726 because of the severe siege that Ceuta endured.

Palace of Assembly

The elegantly designed building was inaugurated in 1927 by King Alfonso XIII and Doña Victoria Eugenia. Its interior features the French-style Throne Room, decorated with frescos by the artist Mariano Bertuchi. It also has a Meeting Room adorned with Spanish Renaissance-style furniture. The facade is very beautiful and well-preserved.

Tardorromana Basilica Museum

The architectural remnants of an old basilica, including a bridge over open tombs with skeletons, were found during street work in the 1980s and are combined into this masterfully designed underground museum. Unfortunately, no captions in English.

Statue of Hercules

The connection between Hercules and the Strait of Gibraltar is rooted in Greek and Roman mythology, where the hero Hercules (Heracles in Greek mythology) is said to have played a key role in shaping the geography of the region during one of his legendary Twelve Labors.

One of these labours involved travelling to the far western edge of the known world to capture the cattle of Geryon, a fearsome three-bodied giant who lived on the island of Erytheia (often identified with the Iberian Peninsula or nearby regions).

On his journey to Erytheia, Hercules faced a massive mountain range that blocked his path. To pass through, Hercules either smashed through the mountains with his immense strength, separating Europe and Africa, and allowing the Atlantic Ocean to flow into the Mediterranean or pulled the mountains apart, creating the two towering landforms that stand on either side of the Strait of Gibraltar.

These landforms became known as the Pillars of Hercules, symbolizing the gateway to the unknown and marking the westernmost boundary of the ancient world. The northern pillar is traditionally identified as the Rock of Gibraltar, located on the European side. The southern pillar is less definitively identified but is often associated with Jebel Musa, a mountain in Morocco, or Mount Hacho near Ceuta.

Ceuta, Spain
On of two Statues of Hercules in Ceuta

Museum of Revelin

A very small museum with archaeological exhibits. All of the artefacts were discovered in the sites in the heart of the urban area. There are explanatory panels about the original location of the finds as well as the daily life of the families who used the utensils and ornaments on display.

Military Museum of the Legion

The Military Museum of the Legion was established in 1940 to celebrate the Spanish Legion. The Legion and its museum moved to Ceuta in 1956 when Morocco gained independence from Spain.

Weapons, uniforms, flags, and other things taken from the enemy during the conflicts in which the Legion had fought are all part of the Legion Museum’s collection.

Ceuta, Spain
Military Museum of the Legion

Mediterranean Maritime Park (Parque Marítimo del Mediterráneo)

Three huge well-maintened pools right beside the marina, filled with salty and very cold water! There are also some food options and plenty of sunbeds.

Casa de los Dragones

Designed by Valencian architect José M. Cortina Pérez and finished in 1905, the structure was commissioned in 1900 by Francisco Cerni González, who served as mayor of Ceuta from 1897 to 1903, in collaboration with his brother Ricardo.

The house’s subsequent owners were Ricardo’s sons. This was the location of the Spanish Falange party’s offices following the 1936 revolution. In 1946, the house was sold. Salomón Benhamú Roffé paid for the facade’s repairs in 1973 and 1996.

The original dragons were removed in 1925 and lost, but four new dragons have been designed by Antonio Romero Vallejo.

Unfortunately, the interior is closed to visitors.

Church of Saint Francis

IA characteristic yellow, twin-towered, Baroque edifice that lies beside the Plaza de los Reyes. It was constructed in the early eighteenth century in honour of the Holy Cross and is known for its Baroque altarpieces and images of the Virgin and Christ.

Plaza de Los Reyes

Adjacent to the twin-towered yellow Church of Saint Francis is this plaza with its green triumphal arch and fountain. A statue honouring Ceuta’s holy week in the northwest corner depicts a father holding hands with a child while wearing a capirote, a conical hooded hat.

Ceuta, Spain
Plaza de Los Reyes

Arab Baths (Baño árabe de la plaza de la Paz)

Public baths were located near the Medina quarter’s northern outskirts. Remains of a roadway and a household building from the 11th-century show that this location was inhabited around that time. The two baths weren’t constructed until the 12th and 13th centuries. According to archaeological studies conducted in 2000 and 2004, the baths featured a single room for clothing and toilets, followed by a cold and then a hot bath in the Roman style.

Mirador Batería del Espino o del Pintor (Viewpoint)

Definitely worth the uphill climb for the beautiful views of Ceuta and the Mediterranean Sea.

Hacho Mountain (Monte Hacho)

Monte Hacho is situated on a peninsula that juts into the Mediterranean Sea. Its strategic position has made it a key point for controlling maritime traffic through the Strait of Gibraltar. Along with Gibraltar on the European side of the strait, Monte Hacho is sometimes considered one of the Pillars of Hercules, an ancient geographical concept marking the entrance to the Atlantic Ocean from the Mediterranean.

One of the key features of Monte Hacho is the Fortaleza del Monte Hacho (Fortress of Monte Hacho). This fortress has served multiple roles throughout history, including as a defensive stronghold, a prison, and a military installation.

The exact origins of the fortress are uncertain, but it is believed to date back to the Byzantine or Moorish periods. Some sources suggest it may have been built during the 6th or 7th century when the Byzantines were reinforcing their control over the North African coast.

Ceuta, Spain
Hacho Mountain seen in the background

During the Islamic rule of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, the fortress was likely expanded and fortified as part of the broader defensive network in the region.

After Ceuta was taken by the Portuguese in 1415 and subsequently transferred to Spanish rule in the 17th century, the fortress was further fortified. The Spanish turned it into a key defensive structure to protect Ceuta from potential invasions, particularly during the conflicts with Morocco and other regional powers.

Over time, the fortress served various roles, including as a prison and a military garrison. Today, parts of it are still used by the Spanish military, though it is also a site of historical and cultural interest.

Monte Hacho is also surrounded by natural beauty, with trails and scenic spots making it a popular destination for hiking and outdoor activities. However, the fortress is closed to visitors.

Castle of Santa Catalina (Castillo de Santa Catalina)

The park with the ruins of the castle is quite neglected, although the views of the Strait of Gibraltar are nice.

Punta Almina Lighthouse (Faro Punta Almina)

It was designed by Juan Martínez de la Villa in 1851. The building is made of masonry and a white cylindrical tower. The focal height is 145.17 m above sea level, with a range of 22 nautical miles. Nearby are the ruins of the old fort (Fortin de Punta Almina).

Fort of El Desnarigado (Castillo del Desnarigado)

The exact date of its construction is uncertain, but the castle is believed to have been built during the 19th century as part of Ceuta’s defensive network. It was designed to protect the city from potential naval and land attacks.

The Castillo del Desnarigado is no longer used for military purposes and has been repurposed as a cultural and historical site. It houses a military museum, where visitors can explore exhibits about the history of Ceuta, including its military past and maritime significance.

Ceuta, Spain
Fort of El Desnarigado
Ceuta, Spain
Fort of El Desnarigado

Desnarigado Cove (Cala del Desnarigado)

A beautiful place to go swimming or just to watch the sunset. The beach is with stones, but it’s extremely calm with very few people.

Beaches

The beaches in Ceuta vary from urban stretches with amenities to quieter, more natural spots.

Playa de la Ribera and Playa del Chorillo are the closest to the city centre. A bit further, but still easily accessible with public transport are Playa San Amaro, Playa Benítez, Playa Calamocarro and Playa de Benzú.

Mirador de Benzu

Spectacular views at the place where mountains meet the sea. You may notice the Ceuta border fence, which separates it from Morocco. Easily accessible with bus #5.

Ceuta, Spain
Mirador de Benzu

Mirador de Beliunes and Mirador de Isabel II

These viewpoints have some great panoramas but are located inland, along N-362 road so they are more difficult to reach. Private transport is essential unless you like long walks 🙂

Phan Rang-Thap Cham is a region rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. Its story weaves together the ancient heritage of the Champa Kingdom, colonial influences, and its modern significance.

A brief history

Phan Rang-Thap Cham is best known as the heartland of the Champa civilization, which flourished from the 2nd century CE until the 15th century. The Cham people, an Austronesian ethnic group, built an advanced maritime culture that traded with India, China, and the rest of Southeast Asia. They were deeply influenced by Hinduism and, later, Islam.

The region’s name, Thap Cham, directly refers to its most iconic relics: the Cham towers (tháp), which are ancient brick temples built by the Cham people. The Po Klong Garai Towers, located near Phan Rang, are among the best-preserved examples of Cham architecture. These towers, dedicated to the Hindu deity Shiva, were constructed during the reign of King Jaya Simhavarman III in the late 13th century.

By the 15th century, the Champa Kingdom declined due to repeated conflicts with Đại Việt (the precursor to modern Vietnam). In 1471, much of Champa territory was annexed by Đại Việt. Phan Rang remained one of the last Cham strongholds until it was fully absorbed in the 17th century. Despite this, Cham culture persisted, and the region became a melting pot of Cham, Vietnamese, and later French influences.

Núi Chúa National Park, Vietnam
Nui Chua National Park

Under French colonial rule (19th-20th centuries), Phan Rang-Thap Cham gained strategic importance. The French built infrastructure, including roads and railways, linking the region to the rest of Vietnam. They also promoted agriculture, particularly grape and cotton cultivation, which remain vital to the local economy today.

Phan Rang-Thap Cham is now the capital of Ninh Thuận Province. It is known for its stunning natural landscapes, such as Ninh Chữ Beach, Vĩnh Hy Bay, and the nearby Núi Chúa National Park. The area also has a semi-arid climate, making it one of Vietnam’s top regions for solar and wind energy projects.

The Cham people still form a significant part of the local population and have preserved their cultural practices, including traditional weaving, pottery, and festivals like the Kate Festival, honouring their ancestors and deities.

How to get to Phan Rang–Thap Cham?

The city is well-connected to major cities in Vietnam, making it relatively easy to reach. Here’s how you can get there:

By Plane

The nearest airport is Cam Ranh International Airport (CXR), located in Nha Trang, about 60 kilometres north of Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm. From the airport, it is about 1.5 hours drive to Phan Rang by rental car or taxi. Alternatively, shuttle buses operate from Cam Ranh to Phan Rang.

By Train

Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm has its train station, Tháp Chàm Railway Station, located on the North-South Railway (Reunification Line).

From Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) travel time is about 6-8 hours and there are many trains, including SE (express) and TN (slower) services.

From Hanoi, travel time is about 20-22 hours. Long-distance trains like SE2 and SE4 pass through Phan Rang. The train is a comfortable and scenic option, especially for those who enjoy experiencing the countryside.

By Bus

Numerous long-distance buses connect Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm to major cities. Check your connections on 12Go.com.

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By Car / Motorbike

For those who prefer flexibility, renting a private car or motorbike is a great option.

From Ho Chi Minh City: Follow National Highway 1A northward.

From Nha Trang: Head south along National Highway 1A.

The drive offers scenic coastal views and opportunities to explore along the way.

When to go?

The best time to visit Phan Rang–Thap Cham is typically during the dry season from April to August. This period offers sunny weather with lower rain chances, making it ideal for enjoying the beaches and outdoor activities.

Where to stay?

I stayed at Cube Homestay and it was an extremely clean and comfortable place, located within 800 metres of Binh Son Beach. Highly recommended!

How to get around?

Once in Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm, you can get around by taxi, motorbike taxis, or rented motorbikes. Exploring the city and nearby attractions like the Po Klong Garai Towers, Ninh Chữ Beach, and Vĩnh Hy Bay is easier with a motorbike or private car. Ask for one at your accommodation. They will either have one or get in touch with someone who can deliver it to you within minutes.

Núi Chúa National Park, Vietnam
Beach in Núi Chúa National Park

What to do in Phan Rang–Thap Cham?

Ninh Thuận Museum

Thousands of artefacts are on display, bringing to life unique historical and cultural periods. The highlights are stuff related to Cham culture (e.g. pottery and woven looms), as well as testimonies of the anti-American period. The museum has unique architecture and consists of 4 floors.

Po Klong Garai Tower

The historic King Jaya Sinhavarman III constructed a Hindu Cham temple complex in honour of the mythical Po Klaung Garai, who ruled Panduranga from 1151 to 1205. Nonetheless, the existence of multiple steles from a previous age raises the possibility that Jaya Simhavarman only renovated pre-existing structures.

The military triumph of two Cham princes over the inhabitants of Panduranga in southern Champa was memorialized in an inscription dated 1050. The inscription states that the triumphant princes built a victory column and two lingas as a sign of their celebration.

Legend has it that Po Klong Garai, who began his life as a humble cowherd, was destined to become king of Champa and ruled prudently and in the interests of the populace. He held a tower-building competition as a peaceful means of resolving the Khmer invasion of his realm. The invaders were forced to return home after Po Klong Garai won the battle. Po Klong Garai became a god and guardian of humanity after his death. It is reported that the tower he constructed during his battle with the Khmer is the one that bears his name today.

Phan Rang, Vietnam
Po Klong Garai Tower

Three brick towers make up the temple: a three-story main tower, a smaller gate tower, and an elongated tower with a saddle-like roof. A sculpture of the god Siva considered a masterpiece of the Thap Mam Style, is located over the main tower’s entrance entryway. According to legend, the tower with the saddle-like roof is devoted to Thang Chuh Yang Pui, the God of Flame. A 16th or 17th-century mukhalinga serves as the temple’s main sacred image. It’s a linga with a human face. The Cham claim that this linga is a statue of King Po Klaung Garai, while generally speaking, it is the symbol of the Hindu deity Siva.

Nam Cương Sand Dunes

Dunes totalling 700 hectares are located about eight kilometres southwest of Phan Rang – Thap Cham City. The place is much less popular than Mui Ne and usually, there are not many people. It’s a great spot for sunset.

Bình Sơn Sea Park and Phan Rang Beach

Long stretch of wide sandy beach, which could be a good alternative to noisy and packed beaches in Nha Trang. A public park is nearby.

Driving through Nui Chua National Park

The park spans an area of about 29,865 hectares and is part of the Ninh Thuận coastal region. It sits on the eastern slopes of the South Central Coast and encompasses a stretch of coastline along the South China Sea.

The park features rugged mountains, dry forests, and rocky coasts. The highest peak, Núi Chúa, rises to 1,039 meters above sea level.

With an average annual rainfall of 650 mm, it is the hottest and driest province in Vietnam. It also receives the least amount of rainfall in south-central Vietnam.

A scooter ride along the coastal road DT702 is very rewarding and it’s a great detour if you are heading towards Dalat.

Ninh Thuan Stone Park has naturally occurring rock formations of various sizes that are piled on top of one another. Over millions of years, they have been eroded away. The entrance cost is 40.000 VND.

Another interesting rock formations can be found at the place called Hang Rái (Rai Cave).

Núi Chúa National Park, Vietnam
Hang Rai

Vinh Hy and its bay is still quite a wild place and majestic beauty without huge resorts. Adjacent to Nui Chua National Park, you have the sea on one side and mountains and forest on the other. Visitors can take boat tours, snorkel, and explore vibrant coral reefs. Don’t miss the excellent Đèo Cây Cóc Viewpoint.

Núi Chúa National Park, Vietnam
Vinh Hy Bay

If you have more time to spare, hop on a boat to Binh Hung Island. This place is famous for its long and wide beaches and quiet atmosphere. The sea is not deep so it is suitable for snorkelling and diving to see coral.

Núi Chúa National Park, Vietnam
Binh Hung Island
Núi Chúa National Park, Vietnam
Binh Hung Island

When it comes to beaches, you may stop at Hom Beach (Bai Hom), Thung Beach, Bình Tiên or Robinson.

Tangier, a city on the northern coast of Morocco where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean, has a history marked by its strategic location and cultural diversity. Its history spans ancient civilizations, colonial struggles, and modern transformation.

For many, this is where they make their first step into African territory, after crossing Gibraltar Strait. Although the city doesn’t have as strong Moroccan vibe as other towns further south, it’s a worthy stopover to get the full picture of the history of this fascinating country.

History

Tangier’s origins trace back to antiquity, with evidence of settlement by the Berbers as early as the 5th millennium BCE. According to mythology, the city was named after “Tinjis,” the wife of the Greek hero Antaeus or Hercules. Tangier’s location made it a focal point for early Mediterranean trade and exploration. By the 1st millennium BCE, the Phoenicians and later the Carthaginians had established trading posts there.

During the Roman era, Tangier, known as Tingis, became a significant city within the province of Mauretania Tingitana. It thrived under Roman rule, benefiting from its position as a commercial hub. The city was known for its agricultural exports, particularly olives and grain. By the 3rd century CE, Tingis was designated as the provincial capital. However, with the decline of Roman power in North Africa in the 5th century, Tangier entered a period of relative obscurity.

In the 7th century, Tangier was incorporated into the expanding Islamic Caliphate following the Muslim conquest of North Africa. The city became a launching point for further expansion into the Iberian Peninsula under leaders such as Tariq ibn Ziyad, whose crossing of the Strait of Gibraltar in 711 CE marked the start of Muslim rule in Spain. Tangier flourished as part of the Islamic world, serving as a centre for trade and culture.

Tangier’s strategic location made it a contested city during the medieval period. It was ruled by a succession of Islamic dynasties, including the Idrisids, Almoravids, Almohads, and Marinids. The city frequently changed hands due to internal rivalries and external pressures. Its significance as a port attracted both regional powers and foreign invaders.

By the 15th century, European powers began to take an interest in Tangier, viewing it as a key point for controlling trade routes and securing access to Africa. In 1471, the Portuguese captured Tangier, marking the beginning of European rule. The Portuguese fortified the city but struggled to maintain control due to resistance from local populations and the challenges of governing a distant colony.

Tangier was handed over to England as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza when she married King Charles II in 1661. Under British rule, the city was fortified further, but maintaining it proved costly and difficult. Faced with attacks from surrounding tribes and high expenses, the British abandoned Tangier in 1684, and it was returned to Moroccan control under the Alaouite dynasty.

During the 19th century, Tangier became a focal point of international intrigue as European powers jockeyed for influence in Morocco. The city’s strategic position near the Strait of Gibraltar attracted diplomats, spies, and traders. Tangier served as Morocco’s diplomatic capital and became known for its cosmopolitan atmosphere. Its mixed population included Moroccans, Europeans, and Jews, reflecting its role as a crossroads of cultures.

In 1923, Tangier was designated as an international zone under a multinational agreement. This unique arrangement gave administrative authority to several European powers, including France, Spain, and Britain, while nominally remaining under Moroccan sovereignty. The international zone attracted a mix of expatriates, artists, and adventurers, earning a reputation as a hub of espionage and bohemian culture during the interwar period.

After Morocco gained independence from French and Spanish colonial rule in 1956, Tangier was reintegrated into the country. This transition ended its international status, and the city underwent significant changes. While its prominence diminished in the mid-20th century, Tangier experienced a cultural revival in the 1960s, attracting figures from the Beat Generation and counterculture movements.

In recent decades, Tangier has undergone extensive modernization and development. The construction of the Tanger-Med port, one of the largest in Africa, has revitalized the city’s economy. Today, Tangier is a vibrant cultural and economic centre, blending its rich historical heritage with contemporary growth. Its medina, kasbah, and historical landmarks continue to draw visitors, while its position as a gateway between Africa and Europe remains as significant as ever.

How to get there?

By Air

Tangier’s Ibn Battuta Airport (TNG) serves as the primary gateway for travellers arriving by plane. It offers flights from major Moroccan cities as well as international destinations in Europe and beyond.

From the airport, Tangier city centre is about 15 kilometres away, easily reachable by taxi or private transfer.

By Train

High-Speed Train (Al Boraq) connects Tangier to Casablanca in just over 2 hours, with stops in Rabat and Kenitra. Trains are comfortable, reliable, and fast, making this a preferred option for many travellers.

Conventional trains also serve Tangier, linking it with other cities at a lower cost but longer travel times.

By Car

Tangier is accessible by car via Morocco’s modern highway system.

From Casablanca to Rabat:

The A1 highway connects Tangier to southern cities. Driving from Casablanca takes around 4–5 hours.

From Spain:

Travellers can take a car ferry from Algeciras or Tarifa and drive into Tangier upon arrival.

Car rentals are widely available, and the roads are well-maintained. However, driving in Tangier’s city centre can be challenging due to narrow streets and heavy traffic.

By Bus

CTM and Supratour offer comfortable and reliable services, with routes connecting Tangier to cities like Chefchaouen, Fez, and Marrakech.

Other Operators also operate buses, though quality and reliability vary.

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By Boat

Tangier is a key maritime hub with ferry connections across the Mediterranean and has two main ports:

Port of Tangier Ville: Located near the medina, ideal for tourists.

Tanger-Med Port: A larger port about 40 kilometres from the city, primarily for cargo and long-distance ferries.

From Spain:

Ferries operate from Tarifa and Algeciras to Tangier. The Tarifa-Tangier Ville route is particularly popular for its convenience and proximity to the city centre.

Travel time ranges from 1 to 2 hours depending on the route and ferry service.

From Gibraltar:

Seasonal or charter ferries may operate, but check availability as schedules vary.

From France or Italy:

Long-distance ferries occasionally connect Tangier with southern Europe, but these routes are less frequent.

By Shared Taxi

Shared taxis, known as grands taxis, operate on intercity routes and are a cost-effective way to reach Tangier from nearby towns like Tetouan or Chefchaouen. They usually depart once full and can be a more local, immersive experience.

How to get around Tangier?

Getting around Tangier is relatively easy thanks to its variety of transportation options. Whether you’re exploring the medina, visiting the beaches, or venturing to nearby attractions, you can choose the method that best suits your needs.

Walking

Best for exploring the old medina, kasbah, and central areas. Wear comfortable shoes, as the medina has steep, cobbled streets and be mindful of street vendors and locals offering unsolicited guidance; they may expect tips.

Petit Taxis

These small, blue taxis are the most common form of transportation in Tangier. They are metered, but you may need to remind drivers to use the meter. Taxis are cheaper during the day; night fares may have a 50% surcharge.

Grand Taxis

Best for travelling to nearby destinations like Cap Spartel, Achakar Beach, or Chefchaouen. They are larger and can carry up to 6 passengers. Shared rides are cost-effective but depart only when full; private hires are quicker but more expensive.

Public Buses

Best for budget-friendly travellers as the cost is around 5–8 MAD per trip. They may be crowded, especially during rush hours.

Tourist Transport (Hop-On, Hop-Off Buses)

Best for sightseeing without the hassle of navigating public transportation. Tickets often include commentary about the city’s history and landmarks and they cost around 150–200 MAD for a day pass.

Tangier, Morocco
The streets of Tangier

The best time to visit

The best time to visit Tangier largely depends on your preferences for weather, activities, and crowd levels.

Spring (March to May)

Temperatures are mild, ranging from 15°C to 25°C. Clear skies and blooming flowers make this a delightful season. Ideal for exploring the medina, hiking in the Rif Mountains, or enjoying the beaches without the intense heat. Moderate tourist levels make it easy to enjoy the city without overcrowding.

Summer (June to August)

Warm and sunny, with temperatures between 20°C and 30°C. Coastal breezes help keep the heat manageable. Perfect for beach outings at nearby spots like Achakar Beach or Cap Spartel. The city is lively with cultural festivals and events. High tourist season, especially in July and August, with visitors from Europe and Morocco. Accommodation prices are higher, and attractions may be busier.

Autumn (September to November)

Comfortable temperatures (17°C to 27°C), with the summer heat fading but still warm enough to enjoy the outdoors. Great for cultural exploration and coastal activities. The sea is still warm for swimming, and sunsets are particularly beautiful. Less busy than in summer, offering a quieter experience while still enjoying favourable weather.

Winter (December to February)

Cooler but mild, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 18°C. Rain is more frequent, but not usually disruptive. Great for sightseeing in the medina, kasbah, and museums. Winter is less ideal for beaches but good for a peaceful, crowd-free visit. Low tourist season, making it a budget-friendly time. Hotels and flights are often cheaper.

Where to stay?

I spent my first two days in town in Dar Essaki 1886. It was located in a very narrow street inside the medina and the decoration and atmosphere inside were great. However, the room was claustrophobic and it was difficult to move around.

Then, I moved to an amazing apartment that I found on AirBnB and which was hosted by Muhammad. It was huge! Fast Wi-FI was available, there was a heater in the bedroom (useful in December) and the view from the rooftop terrace was breathtaking!

What to see in Tangier?

Grand Socco

One of the most iconic and vibrant places in Tangier. Officially named Place du 9 Avril 1947 to commemorate a significant speech by Sultan Mohammed V advocating for Moroccan independence.

Historically, the Grand Socco served as a large open-air marketplace where locals gathered to trade goods such as produce, textiles, and spices. Its lively market scene made it the heart of Tangier’s daily life.

During the period of international influence in Tangier (early to mid-20th century), the Grand Socco became a meeting point between the European colonial quarters and the traditional Moroccan medina.

The Grand Socco is no longer a market in the traditional sense, but it remains a lively, dynamic square filled with a mix of street vendors, locals, and tourists. It is surrounded by cafes, restaurants, and small shops offering a range of goods and services. It’s a great place to simply chill on the bench and people-watch.

Around the square, there are Mendoubia Garden, Cinema Rif and Bab Al Fahs, all worth checking out.

Mendoubia Gardens provide a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle, featuring ancient trees and shaded walkways.

Cinema Rif is a well-known cultural establishment. which functions as a movie theatre, cafe and cultural hub. Its charm and character are enhanced by the fact that it is located in a historic building that was constructed in the 1930s.

Bab Al Fahs serves as one of the main entrances to Tangier’s old medina, making it a starting point for exploring the city’s historical heart.

Tangier, Morocco
Cinema Rif
Tangier, Morocco
Bab Al-Fahs

Tangier American Legation Museum

Morocco was the first country to formally recognize the United States’ independence in 1777, during the American Revolutionary War. The Tangier Legation was established in 1821 when Sultan Moulay Suliman gifted the property to the U.S. government.

The building functioned as a diplomatic mission for more than 140 years, serving as the U.S. consulate and legation. It played a key role in fostering U.S.-Morocco relations. The legation also served as a hub for diplomacy during critical periods, including World War II.

The museum includes letters exchanged between Sultan Mohammed III and American presidents like George Washington and an impressive collection of paintings.

Tangier, Morocco
Tangier American Legation Museum
Tangier, Morocco
Internal courtyard in the museum

Museum Dar Niaba

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Tangier was an international zone governed by multiple powers. The Dar Niaba was originally the residence and office of the Naib (Deputy), a representative of the Moroccan Sultan.

The building retains its traditional Moroccan architectural style, featuring elegant tilework, carved wooden ceilings, and a central courtyard typical of Moroccan riads. Inside, you can see documents, maps, correspondence, treaties and artefacts related to Tangier’s political history and its role as an international zone.

Grande Mosque

The site originally hosted a Roman temple during the Mauretania Tingitana period. During the Portuguese (1471–1661) and later English occupation (1661–1684), it was converted into the Church of the Holy Spirit.

After Sultan Moulay Ismail reclaimed Tangier in 1684, the church was transformed into a mosque, symbolizing the return to Islamic rule.

Sultan Moulay Slimane rebuilt it in the 19th century, creating the mosque we see today, with traditional Moroccan architectural elements.

Moshe Nahon Synagogue

In the 19th century, Moïse Nahon, a well-known scholar and educator from a powerful Jewish family in Tangier, built this synagogue. After ceasing operations in the latter half of the 20th century, the synagogue deteriorated until it was restored in 1994. Today, it serves as a museum.

Lorin Foundation Museum

The Lorin Foundation Museum, which was once one of Tangier’s oldest synagogues, has been transformed into an art museum to document and honour the city’s past. There are extensive collections of photographs, newspaper clippings, and posters that document important events and provide insights into the lives of the city’s ordinary people.

Petit Socco

It used to be the most infamous intersection in town and the scene of drug sales and many types of prostitution. Today the facades are newly painted, there are lots of tourists, and the square is a great place to enjoy a cup of mint tea while observing the people.

Immaculate Conception Church

Just west of the Petit Socco stands the church whose construction was funded by the Obra Pía and the Spanish government and began in October 1880. It was complemented in 1892-93 by the edification of a clock tower, originally topped with a spire and later changed to the present-day cupola. The church initially served the whole city’s Catholic community, including European diplomats.

Mosque Mohammed V

The Mohammed V Mosque bears the name of Mohammed V, who ruled Morocco as king from 1957 to 1961 and as sultan from 1927 to 1953. The mosque is among the largest in Morocco and the largest in Tangier. Access to the mosque’s main area is restricted to Muslims who are there to pray.

Just next to the mosque, you may find grand taxis heading to Cap Spartel.

Tomb of Ibn Batutta

Ibn Battuta, a scholar and judge, was born in Tangier in 1304 and became the greatest traveller of the era First, he traversed North Africa, the Middle East, Russia, Central Asia, and China before returning via Sri Lanka and East Africa. Then, he made a halt at home and continued travelling to West Africa over the Sahara before deciding to put everything in writing in 1355.

Unfortunately, the tomb is locked so you can only see it outside.

Saint Andrew’s Church

This Anglican church was finished in 1894 on land given by Sultan Hassan. Its interior is ornamented in the high Fassi style, and above the altar is the Lord’s Prayer in Arabic. Quranic quotations are engraved onto a fissure behind the altar that points in the direction of Mecca. It’s worth spending some time in the cemetery too.

Place Faro

It is more like a big, wide sidewalk than a square, but the views of the ocean and Spain are nice.

Kasbah and the Museum of Mediterranean Cultures

A historic fortified area, perched on a hill overlooking the city and the Strait of Gibraltar. It features narrow streets, traditional Moroccan architecture, and important landmarks such as the Sultan’s Palace (Dar el-Makhzen).

Inside the palace, there is the Museum of Mediterranean Cultures, which showcases the diverse heritage of the Mediterranean region. Its exhibits include ancient artefacts, ceramics, jewellery, and artwork highlighting the historical interactions between Morocco and neighbouring Mediterranean cultures.

Tangier, Morocco
Kasbah and the Museum of Mediterranean Cultures

Museum of Contemporary Art

Just next to the Kasbah Museum of Mediterranean Cultures and on the same ticket. This place presents an intriguing collection of contemporary works of art by artists from North Africa and Asia. Unfortunately, no English descriptions.

Bab Al Bahr

The most scenic entrance to the medina, which dates back to the 15th century. Soldiers protecting Tangier kept watch for invading fleets from this location, which is also known as the Gate of the Sea because it overlooks the Straits of Gibraltar.

Phoenician Toms

The ancient burial sites carved into the rock, date back to the Phoenician era (approximately 8th–6th centuries BCE). Located on a hill overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar, these tombs are a testament to Tangier’s early history as a key port and settlement in the Mediterranean. Very cool and scenic place!

The Phoenicians were an influential seafaring people from the Eastern Mediterranean (modern-day Lebanon). They established trading posts across the Mediterranean, including Tangier, which was a strategic hub.

These tombs are linked to later periods when Carthage and Rome exerted influence in the region, blending Phoenician culture with North African traditions.

Marshan Palace

The structure was first constructed in the early 1950s to house the Tangier International Zone Legislative Assembly. The structure was converted into a monarchy property after Morocco gained independence in 1956 and was proclaimed a kingdom on August 14, 1957. King Mohammed VI renovated the palace in the 2010s to use it as a location for diplomatic gatherings.

It is not open to the public and can only be seen from the outside.

Palais des Institutions Italiennes

It was constructed in 1912–1913 to serve as the former Sultan Abdelhafid’s primary house after his abdication, but it was never put to use. After being acquired by Italy in 1927, it was renamed Palazzo Littorio and housed several government buildings, including a hospital and schools. It was renamed Casa d’Italia by the Badoglio administration in 1943, and the Palace of the Italian Institutions was the new name a few years later. Despite being refurbished in the early 2000s and still housing a variety of Italian-related activities, it has long been neglected.

It is not open to the public and can only be seen from the outside.

Merkala Beach

A small beach surrounded by mountains in the west of Tangier. Follow the seafront promenade to get there, which is a beautiful walk.

Rmilat Park & Villa Perdicaris

The 70-hectare public park is situated between the Jebel Kebir Royal Palace to the east and the Cape Spartel reserve to the west on the northern slopes of the Jebel Kebir peak, which faces the Strait of Gibraltar. It bears the name of Ion Hanford Perdicaris, a Greek-American renowned figure who set it up in the 1870s and erected an eclectic villa in the middle. He was abducted there during the Perdicaris Incident in 1904.

Ion Perdicaris and his stepson were kidnapped by a Berber warlord named Ahmed al-Raisuli, who was both a bandit and a political rebel. Raisuli demanded a ransom, political concessions, and safe passage in exchange for Perdicaris and his stepson.

Although Perdicaris was not a U.S. citizen at the time (he had renounced his citizenship), President Theodore Roosevelt treated the case as a national priority. He ordered U.S. warships to Tangier to exert pressure on the Moroccan Sultan and Raisuli.

The incident was resolved without violence. The Moroccan Sultan negotiated with Raisuli, meeting many of his demands, including the ransom. Perdicaris and his stepson were released unharmed.

Villa Perdicaris can be visited but the entry is paid and it costs 7 times more for foreign visitors than for locals and I decided to skip it due to this fact.

Dar Al-Baroud Tower

Borj Dar El Baroud was a military fortress with a number of impressive batteries that date back to the 15th century. Along with a collection of weaponry and military gear, the location is devoted to a permanent display that chronicles the history of the city’s artillery and defended buildings using maps, photographs, and models.

Tangier, Morocco
The view of the port

Municipal Beach

Nice public beach for a longer stroll or just relaxing. You can pay a few dirhams to rent a plastic chair. Additionally, it’s possible to ride a horse or a camel. There are lots of bars and restaurants nearby.

What to see out of town?

Cape Spartel and Hercules Caves

Cape Spartel Hercules Caves are great spots to check out if you’re visiting Tangier for more than one day. Visiting them will take you about half a day, but you can easily make it a full day if the weather is hot enough to let you spend some time enjoying beautiful nearby beaches.

You can read more about these places in a separate post HERE.

Cap Spartel, Tangier, Morocco
Cape Spartel

Rabat, the capital city of Morocco, boasts a fascinating history that spans thousands of years. Situated on the Atlantic coast at the mouth of the Bou Regreg River, it has evolved from a modest settlement to a political and cultural hub. Rabat’s story intertwines with the rise and fall of empires, the spread of Islamic civilization, and the colonial period, all of which have left their mark on the city’s character and architecture.

The origins of Rabat can be traced to ancient times when the Phoenicians and Carthaginians used the region as a trading post. The area later came under Roman control and became part of the province of Mauretania Tingitana. During this era, a settlement called Sala Colonia flourished near present-day Rabat, with remnants of this Roman city still visible at the Chellah archaeological site.

Rabat began to take shape as a major city during the 12th century under the Almohad dynasty. Sultan Abd al-Mu’min established a military fortification known as Ribat al-Fath (“fortress of victory”) to protect against invaders and serve as a base for military campaigns in Andalusia. His successor, Sultan Yaqub al-Mansur, envisioned Rabat as a grand imperial capital. He began constructing monumental structures, including the Hassan Tower and an immense mosque. Although the mosque was never completed after his death, the Hassan Tower remains a defining symbol of the city.

Rabat, Marocco
The walls outside of the medina

After the Almohad dynasty, Rabat experienced periods of decline until the 17th century, when it became a haven for pirates. The Republic of Bou Regreg was established by a coalition of corsairs who controlled the area and launched raids on European ships. This semi-autonomous republic brought wealth and notoriety to Rabat and neighbouring Salé, though its dominance declined over the following century.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Rabat became part of the Alaouite dynasty’s realm, but it remained relatively quiet compared to other Moroccan cities. This changed during the French colonial period in the early 20th century. In 1912, France established a protectorate over Morocco and chose Rabat as the administrative capital. Under the leadership of French architect Henri Prost, the city underwent significant modernization, with the creation of a European-style administrative district alongside its historic medina.

When Morocco gained independence in 1956, Rabat retained its status as the capital. Since then, it has served as the political and administrative centre of the country, home to royal palaces, government institutions, and embassies.

In 2012, Rabat was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its unique blend of historic and modern features. The city showcases a harmonious integration of its Islamic heritage, colonial-era planning, and contemporary urban development. Key landmarks like the Kasbah of the Udayas, the Chellah necropolis, and the Hassan Tower illustrate Rabat’s rich historical layers.

How to get there?

By Air

Rabat-Salé International Airport (RBA): Located about 8 km northeast of the city centre, this airport serves domestic and international flights, with connections to Europe, the Middle East, and some African cities.

You can take a taxi, shuttle bus, or hire a car from the airport to reach the city centre. Taxis are the most common option and typically take 20–30 minutes.

If Rabat’s airport doesn’t suit your itinerary, you can fly into Casablanca’s Mohammed V International Airport (approximately 1.5–2 hours away) and take a train or taxi to Rabat.

By Train

Morocco’s modern railway system, operated by ONCF, connects Rabat to major cities like Casablanca, Tangier, Fes, and Marrakech.

Rabat has two main train stations:

Rabat Ville Station: Centrally located and ideal for visitors staying in the city centre.

Rabat Agdal Station: Another major station, often used for high-speed trains (Al Boraq).

The high-speed Al Boraq train from Tangier to Casablanca stops in Rabat and offers a comfortable and efficient way to travel. For other routes, regular trains are available and run frequently.

Rabat, Morocco
The walls near Kasbah of the Udayas

By Car

Rabat is accessible via Morocco’s extensive highway network. Major routes include:

A1 Highway: Connecting Rabat to Casablanca and Tangier.

A2 Highway: Linking Rabat to Fes and Meknes.

Driving is straightforward, and car rentals are available at airports or in major cities.

By Bus

Several long-distance bus companies, such as CTM and Supratours, connect Rabat to other cities in Morocco. The buses are affordable, reliable, and offer comfortable services for intercity travel.

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How to get around Rabat?

If you’re visiting Rabat, combining walking, the tram, and petit taxis will give you the easiest and most cost-effective way to explore the city. This mix allows you to enjoy the medina and landmarks at a leisurely pace while having quick transport options for longer distances.

The best time to visit

Spring (March to May)

Temperatures are moderate, ranging from 18°C to 25°C. The landscapes are lush and green due to the previous winter rains. It’s a perfect time for outdoor activities, strolling through the medina, or enjoying the beaches. It’s less crowded than summer.

Autumn (September to November)

Similar to spring, with temperatures between 20°C and 27°C. The sea is still warm enough for swimming after the summer heat. Quieter than in summer, with fewer tourists, and the weather is comfortable for sightseeing.

Rabat, Morocco
Modern street in Rabat

Summer (June to August)

Hot and sunny, with temperatures often reaching 30°C to 35°C. Coastal breezes help keep the heat manageable. Best time for beachgoers, as the beaches are lively and the water is warm. However, it can be crowded, especially with local and international tourists.

Winter (December to February)

Cooler but mild, with temperatures between 10°C and 18°C. Occasional rain is possible. Ideal period for a peaceful visit, as the city is less busy. While beach activities may be limited, it’s a great time to explore cultural and historical attractions.

For the best balance of pleasant weather and fewer crowds, spring or autumn is highly recommended.

Where to stay?

During my two visits to town, I stayed in two different places, both of which I can recommend. The first one was “Appartement ideal pour decouvrir la Ville“. Spacious, well-equipped place, ideal for families and within walking distance to the tram. It’s located outside of the medina in a more modern area.

Another place was Dar Ayoub, located inside the medina. I got a private room with a shared bathroom and everything was fine. Very clean place with a super friendly owner.

What to see in Rabat?

Kasbah of the Udayas

Historic fortress and one of the most iconic landmarks in Rabat. It is situated at the mouth of the Bou Regreg River, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. This kasbah, which combines defensive and residential features, dates back to the 12th century and has a rich history tied to the Almoravid, Almohad, and Andalusian cultures.

Originally, it was founded by the Almoravids as a defensive military base in the 12th century. The Almohads fortified the kasbah and expanded it, building the famous gate, Bab Oudaia, and adding other key structures. Later, during the 17th century, the kasbah became home to Andalusian Muslims expelled from Spain, leaving a distinct architectural and cultural imprint.

Rabat, Morocco
The walls near Kasbah of the Udayas

The residential area is known for its narrow streets and traditional white-and-blue painted houses, reminiscent of Andalusian villages. You should have a look at Bab Oudaia which is a grand entrance gate and architectural masterpiece of the Almohad period, featuring intricate carvings and designs.

On the northern end, there is a fantastic viewpoint of the Bou Regreg River, the Atlantic Ocean, and the city of Sale.

If you need a moment of rest, relax in the Andalusian Gardens. A serene and beautifully landscaped place located within the kasbah, featuring lush vegetation and a tranquil atmosphere. The gardens are free to visit but you will have to buy a ticket to visit the fantastic National Museum of Jewelry & Adornment. Each piece of jewellery, ornament, and traditional attire in this magnificent museum tells a different tale about the various areas and historical eras of the nation.

Rabat Beach

The sand is nice and overall swimming at this beach is a positive experience. You can also take some surfing classes if you wish to. On the other hand, you may spot some garbage around which is a shame, but unfortunately somehow standard in Morocco.

Corniche

Pleasant place for a longer walk with street food, cafes, henna tattoos, and lots of activities for children. The area comes to life, especially in the evening, when locals drop by.

Medina

The Medina of Rabat is the old walled city and a vibrant market. Unlike the medinas in Marrakech or Fes, Rabat’s medina is quieter and less chaotic. Some may like it, some may not 🙂

The medina dates back to the 17th century when it was expanded to accommodate Muslim refugees from Andalusia, following their expulsion from Spain. Therefore, its architecture and layout reflect a blend of Andalusian, Moorish, and traditional Moroccan influences. In 2012, the Medina of Rabat was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of Rabat’s historic cityscape.

The medina’s narrow streets are lined with bustling souks selling a wide variety of goods, including textiles, carpets, leather goods, handcrafted pottery, jewellery, metalwork, spices, fresh produce, and local delicacies.

Rabat, Marocco
Rabat Medina
Rabat, Marocco
Rabat Medina

Rue des Consuls is one of the most famous streets in the medina, it is known for its artisanal shops and traditional handicrafts. Historically, this street was where foreign diplomats (consuls) lived during colonial times. You can enter the street directly through Bab Mellah.

If you turn left into Rue Souika, you will soon pass by the Grand Mosque, which is worth looking at.

National Photography Museum

It’s a beautiful place within the repurposed 19th-century Burj Kebir Fortress, a bit further away from the city centre. The fort is magnificent, and the location on the coast adds some magic to the scenery. As for the museum, you won’t need a lot of time to see all the exhibitions. In my opinion, it’s a bit too small to call it a “national” museum. However, it still deserves a visit.

National Photography Museum

Hassan Tower and Mausoleum of Mohammed V

The Hassan Tower, an incomplete minaret, dates back to the late 12th century and was part of an ambitious project initiated by Sultan Yacoub al-Mansour to create the largest mosque in the world. Although construction stopped after the Sultan’s death, the tower stands as a symbol of his vision. Its intricate red sandstone design and surrounding columns offer a glimpse into the grandeur that was planned for the mosque.

Nearby is the Mausoleum of Mohammed V, a stunning architectural masterpiece completed in the mid-20th century. It serves as the final resting place for King Mohammed V, along with his sons, King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah. The structure combines traditional Moroccan and Islamic styles, featuring ornate zellige tilework, a green-tiled roof, and marble interiors. Guards in traditional attire add to the ceremonial atmosphere.

Rabat, Marocco
Hassan Tower
Rabat, Marocco
Mausoleum of Mohammed V
Rabat, Marocco
Mausoleum of Mohammed V
Rabat, Marocco
Mausoleum of Mohammed V

St. Peter’s Cathedral

Construction of the cathedral began in 1919, and its chief architect was Adrien Laforgue. The inauguration took place in 1921. The two towers were added in the 1930s.

Museum of Modern & Contemporary Art

This institution launched in 2014 after being planned and financed by the current monarch. Referred to as the nation’s first national museum of modern and contemporary art. It includes a permanent exhibition of Moroccan artwork from the 1950s to the present, as well as some temporary exhibitions. If you are into modern art, this museum is definitely for you. You won’t spend there too long time but it will be a time well spent nevertheless.

Bank Al Maghrib Museum

The Museum’s extensive numismatic and artistic collection spans several centuries of the kingdom’s history. Over 30,000 coins, artefacts, monetary instruments, and banknotes are on display, providing a chronological overview of Moroccan coins and notes from antiquity to the present.

There is also a small exhibit of paintings, including modern and abstract art.

Museum of History and Civilizations

The archaeological museum is divided into two sections: the first covers Morocco’s history over the ages, while the second concentrates on its amazing collection of ceramics, statues, and other artefacts from the Roman settlements at Volubilis, Lixus, and Chellah.

Villa des Arts

In addition to cultural activities, this exquisitely restored, dazzlingly white art deco mansion from 1929 currently hosts contemporary art exhibitions that highlight Moroccan artists, culture, and tradition. Its garden cafe is a wonderful place to chill.

Bab Rouah Gate

A monumental gate in the Almohad-era ramparts. Currently, the gate’s interior has been converted into a small art gallery.

Royal Palace

The Moroccan king’s principal and official palace.

Since the 18th century, when Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah used Rabat as one of his imperial residences and restored royal palaces in other towns, the ‘Alawi sultans and kings have had a palace in town. Mohammed IV replaced the previous palace in 1864 with the present one.

The colonial government intended the sultan to be mostly based in one location, close to their administrative headquarters, to demonstrate his support for the new government when the majority of Morocco was placed under French rule in 1912. When independence was proclaimed in 1955, kings had a variety of palaces at their disposal, but they decided to maintain the palace as the monarch’s principal residence.

Unfortunately, the interior is off-limits to tourists and you may only see the building, or rather the gate leading to it from the outside.

Chellah

A fascinating historical and archaeological site that reflects the layers of Morocco’s rich past. Located on the outskirts of the city, it was originally established as a Phoenician and later Roman settlement known as Sala Colonia. Over time, the site evolved and became a fortified Islamic necropolis in the 14th century under the rule of the Marinid dynasty.

Today, the Chellah is a blend of Roman ruins and medieval Islamic structures, featuring remnants of ancient baths, a forum, and tombs. Visitors can also explore the crumbling walls of a mosque and a minaret adorned with stork nests, as the site has become a haven for these birds.

On the day of my visit (November 2023) the place was closed to visitors but I was quickly approached by a “guide” who offered to take me in. I calmly refused and walked around the walls by myself. If you decide to use the guide’s service, make sure you negotiate the price BEFORE the start of the tour.

Rabat, Morocco
The favourite place of storks
Rabat, Morocco
The walls of Chellah
Rabat, Morocco
Mohammed VI Tower

Museum of the Prophet’s Biography and Islamic Civilization

This place aims to introduce the prophet’s biography, his great manners, his noble morals, and his flexible teachings, in a distinct scientific and research-based approach, using the latest technologies, and the most advanced and creative presentation tools. Upon arrival, an English-speaking guide was assigned me to and took me around the exhibition in about an hour. It was quite interesting even for a non-Muslim person like me.

It’s located far away from the city centre but you can use public transportation such as tram or bus and then walk or take a taxi.

A trip to Sale

The city holds a rich history dating back to the 11th century when it was founded by the Berbers of the Almoravid dynasty. Positioned on the Atlantic coast and across the Bouregreg River from Rabat, Sale has historically served as a strategic port city, deeply tied to maritime trade, religious scholarship, and later, piracy.

In the medieval period, Salé gained prominence under the Almohad and Marinid dynasties. The construction of grand structures like the Great Mosque in 1196 and the Madrasa Merinide, an Islamic theological school, cemented its importance as a religious and intellectual centre. During the 17th century, the city became a renowned stronghold for the infamous Corsairs, who established the independent Republic of Sale. This short-lived pirate republic was known for its raids on European ships and settlements, making Sale a wealthy, albeit controversial, maritime power.

The Great Mosque, one of the largest and oldest in Morocco, remains a focal point of the city. The Bab Lamrissa, Bab Sebta or Bab Chaafa, are reminders of the fortified city walls that once protected Sale. Another key site is the Marinid necropolis of Chellah, closely associated with Marinid rulers.

The Medina is a vibrant example of Moroccan urban life, with its maze of narrow streets, traditional souks, and artisanal shops. The city’s Kasbah and Andalusian quarter offer glimpses of Andalusian refugees’ influence, who fled Spain during the Reconquista and settled here.

Near the Great Mosque and Medersa Merinide, there is also the Mausoleum of Sidi Abdellah Benhassoun. This Sufi scholar and cleric from the 16th century is the patron saint of Sale. Moroccan Muslims hold him in high regard as a patron of travellers, much like Catholics do with St. Christopher.

Every year on the evening of the Prophet’s birthday, a candlelit procession and pilgrimage in his honour travels through the streets of Sale and ends at this shrine beside the Grand Mosque, which is solely open to Muslims.

Follow Av. Abdelkader Al Harrati to reach Borj Adoumoue (Bastion of Tears). It is a stronghold built in 1261 by the Marinid Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ben Abd al-Haqq. The structure was once known as Borj Adoumoue but the alternative name is linked to the painful memories when ships from Castile anchored in front of Sale in 1260. Soon after, the Castilian warriors landed and launched an unexpected attack on the locals, who were occupied with the Aid al-Fitr feast. The attackers got in via the Borj’s present location. They carried out a horrific slaughter in which many people from Sale died. Three thousand women, children, and elderly people were carried as slaves to Seville. Consequently, after this troubling period in the town’s history, Sultan Yacoub Ben Abdelhaq commanded the building of a massive wall and had a fortified bastion built on the beach which he sadly named the Bastion of Tears or Bastion of Sobs.

Don’t forget to stop at the Sale Beach which is on the west of the medina, on the north side of the Bouregreg rivermouth. Mostly Moroccan families and children playing football, with very few foreigners.

Sale is easily accessible by tram and all sights inside the medina are within walking distance.

Sale, Rabat, Morocco
Cemetery in Sale
Sale, Rabat, Morocco
Cemetery in Sale

Asilah, a picturesque town on Morocco’s Atlantic coast, is known for its whitewashed buildings, artistic vibe, and historical significance. The town’s fortified medina is a central attraction, featuring winding streets, colourful murals, and traditional Moroccan architecture.

Asilah’s origins trace back to the 10th century BCE when it served as a Phoenician trading post. Its location along the Atlantic made it an essential stop for maritime trade routes.

Under Roman influence, the area was part of the province of Mauretania Tingitana. It likely functioned as a minor port supporting trade and agricultural activities.

In the 8th century, following the Arab conquest of North Africa, Asilah became part of the expanding Islamic world. Its importance grew as a trading hub and a point of contact between the Islamic and European worlds.

In 1471, the Portuguese captured Asilah and fortified it, making it a strategic base for their expansion in North Africa. They constructed many of the town’s iconic defensive walls and ramparts, which still stand today. Portuguese control brought economic growth but also frequent conflict with Moroccan forces.

The town was retaken by Moroccan forces under the Saadi dynasty in 1549, ending Portuguese rule. Later, during the 17th century, the Alawite dynasty, Morocco’s current ruling house, reasserted control over the region.

Asilah, Morocco
The picturesque architecture inside the medina

During the 17th century, Asilah briefly became a base for pirates operating along the Atlantic. Its strategic location and defensive structures made it ideal for maritime raids.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Asilah fell under Spanish influence as part of the Spanish protectorate in northern Morocco. The town saw a period of relative neglect during this time, which preserved its historical character.

After Morocco’s independence in 1956, Asilah gradually transformed into a cultural and artistic hub. Today, the town is renowned for its annual cultural festival, the Asilah Arts Festival, which draws artists, performers, and visitors from around the world. The event highlights contemporary art, music, and literature, with the town’s walls often serving as canvases for vibrant murals.

The town’s beaches are another draw, offering serene spots for relaxation and water activities. Asilah’s proximity to Tangier makes it a popular destination for day trips, combining coastal charm with cultural richness.

How to get there?

By Air

The nearest airport is Tangier Ibn Battuta Airport, about 30 kilometres away. From there, you can take a taxi, train, or bus to Asilah.

By Train

From Tangier: The train ride is quick and takes about 30–40 minutes. Trains run frequently, making it one of the most convenient options.

From Casablanca or Rabat: Longer train routes connect Asilah with these cities, with travel times around 4–5 hours depending on the train.

By Bus

Long-distance buses from companies like CTM or Supratours connect Asilah to other major cities. This option is more affordable, though travel times can be longer than by train.

By Taxi

Grand Taxis (shared taxis) are another option, especially from Tangier. These are faster than buses but slightly less comfortable. Private taxis can also be arranged for more flexibility.

By Car

Asilah is located along Morocco’s A1 highway, which makes driving a straightforward option. From Tangier, it’s about a 45-minute drive. From Casablanca, it takes about 3.5–4 hours.

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How to get around Asilah?

It’s a very compact town so you can easily get around the historic center on foot. Catch a taxi to get to the railway station as it is a bit out of town.

The best time to visit

Spring (March to May)

Temperatures are moderate, ranging from 18°C to 25°C. The landscapes are lush and green due to the previous winter rains. It’s a perfect time for outdoor activities, strolling through the medina, or enjoying the beaches. It’s less crowded than summer.

Autumn (September to November)

Similar to spring, with temperatures between 20°C and 27°C. The sea is still warm enough for swimming after the summer heat. Quieter than in summer, with fewer tourists, and the weather is comfortable for sightseeing.

Asilah, Morocco
Narrow street inside the medina

Summer (June to August)

Hot and sunny, with temperatures often reaching 30°C to 35°C. Coastal breezes help keep the heat manageable. Best time for beachgoers, as the beaches are lively and the water is warm. However, it can be crowded, especially with local and international tourists.

Winter (December to February)

Cooler but mild, with temperatures between 10°C and 18°C. Occasional rain is possible. Ideal period for a peaceful visit, as the city is less busy. While beach activities may be limited, it’s a great time to explore cultural and historical attractions.

For the best balance of pleasant weather and fewer crowds, spring or autumn is highly recommended.

What to see in Asilah?

Stone defences were constructed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century around Asilah’s medina. Inside the walls are serene, winding alleyways with white homes that have green or blue accents, making them ideal for photos.

Bab al-Kasaba, the main gateway, leads to Alqamra Tower and the square. A bit further is Kahal Synagogue, constructed In 1824. Over the years, it deteriorated and was largely destroyed. Since January 2022, the synagogue has been undergoing repair and reconstruction as part of an initiative and with financial assistance from the Tangier Jewish community. The synagogue was reopened to the public.

Within the medina, you may encounter a lot of ateliers and small art galleries, so allow yourself to get lost in narrow streets.

The southwest bastion is a well-liked location at sunset and offers the best views of the ocean. Have a look at Saint Francisco Tower and then continue along the seaside promenade to Krikia. It’s a very short but picturesque walk. At a certain time of day, the sea crashes so hard against the walls that it spreads the water and you may even get wet!

Asilah, Morocco
The view from Krikia
Asilah, Morocco
Walking along the seaside

The heavily worn Portuguese royal coat of arms is displayed atop Bab Houmar, the southern entrance to the medina.

Outside of the medina walls, stands the Church of Saint Bartolome, constructed in 1925 by Spanish Franciscans in the classic Hispano-Moorish style. It’s one of the few churches in Morocco that is permitted to ring the bells for Sunday Mass.

Asilah Beach extends northward from the town. It’s a broad expanse of golden sand, but the piles of trash on the sand make it less appealing.