The city of Iringa sits on a plateau at an elevation of over 1,500 meters, giving it a cool, temperate climate compared to much of the rest of Tanzania. It serves as a regional hub for trade, education, and administration.
The region is mainly agricultural, producing crops such as maize, sunflowers, beans, and vegetables. It’s also a gateway to Ruaha National Park, one of the largest and most biodiverse national parks in East Africa.
Historical Background
Iringa is part of the historical homeland of the Hehe people, an ethnic group known for their strong resistance to foreign intrusion. The Hehe were organized under a centralized leadership long before European colonization, with chiefs and warriors playing significant roles in local governance and defense.
During the German colonial period (late 19th to early 20th century), Iringa became notable for the Hehe resistance led by Chief Mkwawa. He is remembered for his defiant opposition to German forces. In 1891, Mkwawa’s forces achieved a famous victory over the Germans at Lugalo. Despite eventual defeat, Mkwawa became a symbol of African resistance.
The Germans later built a military post in Iringa after subduing the region. You can still see traces of this architecture in parts of the city.
After World War I, the British took over Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) from the Germans. Iringa became a quieter administrative center but maintained its agricultural importance. When Tanzania gained independence in 1961, Iringa continued to develop, with investments in infrastructure, schools, and regional governance.
How to get there?
By Air
Iringa has a small airport called Iringa Airport (Nduli Airport), located about 15 km from the city centre. Regular domestic flights connect Iringa to Dar es Salaam and sometimes Dodoma or Mbeya, depending on the airline and season. The flight from Dar es Salaam takes about 1 to 1.5 hours.
By Road
From Dar es Salaam:
The drive from Dar to Iringa is about 500–550 km, which takes 8 to 10 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions. The route follows the A7 highway, which is paved and generally in decent condition. It passes through Morogoro and Mikumi National Park, offering a chance to see wildlife right from the road.
From Dodoma:
From the capital Dodoma, Iringa is about 270 km south, roughly a 4 to 5-hour drive. The road is paved and goes through some hilly, scenic areas.
From Mbeya:
Iringa is northeast of Mbeya, and the road journey is about 330 km, taking 5 to 6 hours.
Buses and Coaches:
Several long-distance buses run daily between Iringa and major cities like Dar, Dodoma, Mbeya and Arusha. These are usually comfortable coach-style buses and are a popular, budget-friendly option.
By Train
Iringa is not directly on the major railway lines, but you can get close by rail. Take a train to Makambako (on the TAZARA railway line connecting Dar es Salaam to Zambia). From Makambako, it’s about 110 km to Iringa by road.
The best time to visit
The best time to visit Iringa is during the dry season, which typically runs from June to October. Iringa’s highland location means it’s already cooler than much of Tanzania, but during the dry months, the weather is especially pleasant: sunny days with crisp mornings and evenings. You’re unlikely to face travel disruptions due to rain. Roads are more reliable, and outdoor activities are more enjoyable.
If you’re planning to visit Ruaha National Park (about 2 hours from Iringa), this is prime time. Animals are easier to spot as they gather around shrinking water sources. Vegetation is thinner, improving visibility.
Other Times of Year:
November to February is still decent, but can be hot in lower areas, and some early rains might begin.
March to May is the rainy season. Travel is harder, roads can get muddy or flooded, and some remote areas might be less accessible. However, the landscape is green and lush, so great for photography if you don’t mind the occasional downpour.
Where to stay?
I stayed in the Kalenga West Park & Tours Motel, where I arrived and checked in without a reservation. The room was quite ugly, but it cost 25.000 TZS per night and a quite decent breakfast was included. It is well located in the city centre.
What to see in Iringa?
I did a morning walk in town, visiting Ismaili Mosque, Maji Maji Monument, Uhuru Park, Boma Museum and the Clock Tower. All the places are located very close to each other.
In the second half of the day, I organized a boda boda rider to visit Gangilonga Rock and Igeleke Rock Art.
Boma Museum
The building itself dates back to 1914, originally constructed during German colonial rule. It was first used as a military hospital and later transitioned into an administrative hub during the British colonial period. After Tanzania gained independence in 1961, the structure continued to serve various government roles before being transformed into a museum in recent years.
Architecturally, the Boma blends several influences. Its design reflects a mix of German colonial style with Swahili and local elements, including unique stone walls, arches, and traditional construction techniques. The building has undergone careful restoration, preserving many of its original features while adapting it for public use.
Today, the museum functions as both a cultural and educational space. Its exhibits showcase the traditions, tools, and lifestyles of communities in the southern highlands, including the Hehe people. Visitors can explore displays of local crafts, traditional clothing, historical artefacts, and information on the colonial and post-independence eras.
Ismaili Mosque
Constructed in the early 1930s, this mosque was the result of the dedication and generosity of the local Ismaili community, particularly the Hamir family. Mohamed Hamir Pradhan, a prominent community member, played a pivotal role in its establishment. Demonstrating immense commitment, he personally contributed to the construction efforts, often working late into the night by kerosene lantern alongside his wife, Bachibai. Their unwavering dedication culminated in the mosque’s completion in 1933.
The mosque’s architecture is a harmonious blend of European and local influences. Its most striking feature is the prominent clock tower, which not only serves a functional purpose but also adds a unique aesthetic appeal. The building’s design incorporates elements reminiscent of German colonial architecture, evident in its arcaded galleries and grand halls, yet it seamlessly integrates traditional Swahili motifs, reflecting the region’s diverse cultural influences.
Beyond its architectural significance, the mosque has been a cornerstone for the Ismaili community in Iringa. In 1936, during the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Imam Sultan Mahomed Shah, the mosque was formally presented as a gift to the Imam, symbolizing the community’s devotion and unity.
Maji Maji Monument
The Maji Maji Monument commemorates the courage and resilience of those who participated in the Maji Maji Rebellion, a widespread resistance movement against German colonial forces from 1905 to 1907.
Located near the town’s police station, this rugged stone obelisk serves as a solemn reminder of the sacrifices made by countless individuals who fought for their freedom. The rebellion was sparked by oppressive colonial policies, including forced labour and taxation, which led various ethnic groups to unite in defiance. The term “Maji Maji” translates to “water water” in Swahili, referencing the belief that sacred water could protect warriors from bullets, a testament to the spiritual dimensions of the resistance.
While the rebellion was ultimately suppressed, resulting in significant loss of life, its legacy endures as a symbol of unity and determination.
Clock Tower
Originally erected in 1927, the tower replaced a statue of German officer Hermann von Wissmann, which had been installed in 1911. This transition marked a shift from colonial symbolism to a representation of the community’s evolving identity.
A distinctive feature atop the tower is the “Uhuru Torch,” a national emblem of Tanzania symbolizing freedom and enlightenment. First lit on Mount Kilimanjaro in 1961 to commemorate the country’s independence, the torch signifies the nation’s aspirations and unity.
Uhuru Park
A small green area in town where you can relax in the shade.
Gangilonga Rock
The short scramble to the top was well worth the effort, and I was accompanied by the receptionist guy, but once we reached the town, he left me alone. The landscape around Iringa is full of rocks, a bit similar to Mwanza!
Gangilonga Rock means “talking stone” in the Hehe language. Historically, the rock served as a gathering spot for Hehe elders and leaders, including the renowned Chief Mkwawa. It was here that crucial decisions were made, and legends tell of the rock’s ability to “speak,” possibly inspired by the echoes produced when voices bounce off its surfaces.
Igeleke Rock Art
This archaeological site features ancient rock paintings that offer insights into the lives and beliefs of early human communities in the region. The artwork, primarily rendered in red ochre, adorns the surfaces of granite outcrops and shelters. These paintings depict a variety of subjects, including human figures and animals, reflecting the daily experiences and spiritual practices of the artists. The style and motifs bear similarities to other rock art traditions found across Central and Southern Africa, suggesting a shared cultural heritage.
The site is locked, so I recommend contacting the local guide before arriving to make sure that someone will be there to open the gate. You can text him on WhatsApp: +255 766 662 777. He was waiting for me with all his kids, and if I remember correctly, it was 4 of them! Then he showed me around and provided a short explanation of the meanings of rock art. There is no official entry price, I just tipped him 10.000 TZS.
What to see out of town?
Mkwawa Museum
The Mkwawa Museum is located in the village of Kalenga, approximately 10 kilometres away from Iringa. I got there by moto taxi and it cost me 15.000 TZS after negotiations. This museum is dedicated to preserving the legacy of Chief Mkwawa, a prominent leader of the Hehe people who fiercely resisted German colonial forces in the late 19th century.
The museum houses the skull of Chief Mkwawa, which was taken to Germany after his death and returned in 1954. Visitors can also view Mkwawa’s weapons, clothing, and other personal items that offer insight into his life and leadership.
Together with the entrance ticket (10 USD), you get a guide who tells you more about the history of the place. Very useful as there are no information boards, and without it, you could have done it in 5 minutes.
Isimila Stone Age Site
I found a boda boda rider near the Clock Tower in Iringa, and he took me to the Isimila Stone Age Site. The ride was about half an hour. Once we arrived, I paid the entrance fee and got a local guide who explained to me the details of the walk and the historical background of the place. The boda rider joined as well, and I was pretty sure it was his first time here, as he was taking pictures of literally everything. His nickname was Maasai 🙂
The Isimila Stone Age Site is known for its well-preserved evidence of early human activity during the later part of the Acheulean period, which is associated with Homo erectus or early Homo sapiens.
What makes Isimila especially significant is the large number of stone tools found there, particularly hand axes, cleavers, scrapers, and other implements typical of early human technology. These tools were made from local quartzite and were used for tasks like cutting meat, processing plants, or shaping other tools.
In addition to the tools, the site has exposed ancient sediments and fossil-bearing layers that have helped archaeologists study the environment and lifestyle of early humans in East Africa, a region often called the “cradle of humanity.” Interestingly, while there are many artefacts, no human remains have been found at Isimila, which has led to various interpretations about how the site was used, possibly as a temporary campsite or a place for tool production.
Beyond its scientific value, the site is also
We did a loop walk, admiring the visually striking landscape, where natural erosion created tall sandstone pillars that add a dramatic backdrop to the archaeological landscape. At the end, we visited a small museum.
Ruaha National Park
Ruaha National Park is one of Tanzania’s largest and most spectacular protected areas, about a 2-hour drive from Iringa. It’s less known than the northern parks like Serengeti or Ngorongoro, but it’s a hidden gem, rich in wildlife, dramatic landscapes, and fewer crowds.
The landscape is rugged and varied: a mix of savannahs, rocky hills, dry riverbeds, and baobab forests. This diversity supports a wide range of animals and ecosystems.
Ruaha is especially known for its large elephant population, one of the biggest concentrations in East Africa. There are also lions, leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs, buffaloes, giraffes, zebras and plenty of bird species.
The price of a 1-day private safari is about 250 – 300 USD. In the end, I had to give it up, as in March, I couldn’t find any other tourists willing to join and share the costs.
